The Concept of Grace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Concept of Grace - Essay Example The accused would defend them as being an orphan, was defending them, and would be granted the grace. Grace may also occur in a situation where one is given time to pay a dept. Many always referred to it as the grace period. If a friend owes some money, he may give each other grace period to get the money. This grace could be given because the debtor was in little problem and could not pay up on time. It is difficult to find other organisations such as banks giving grace period. This is because they have their fixed times set out for payment of loans. According to religion, God gave his only son, who was without sin, to come and die for the sins of humans. This shows how much God loved the human race. He did not want us to perish in sin (Gesenius & Samuel, 2003). One of the most appropriate ways to express grace is by forgiving someone who has behaved inappropriately. This may or may not be a relative. When parents indulge their children and continue to pay school fees for them, it is a measure of grace. Another appropriate way to show grace is when one does well to someone who always wrongs him or her. In this way, the person doing the crime does not deserve to be treated rightly, but they are favoured. This is a show of the unmerited favour. People always say we are living by the grace of God. This shows that humans have not given God anything in the form of payment to allow them to live. God just allow them to live even if they continue sinning. Persons are prone to taking advantage of others kindness. The above named examples could be ways of inappropriate ways to show grace, if one is your friend and they keep doing wrong things because they know that they would not be held accountable. In such a situation, it is wrong to show grace. This is because they are taking advantage of other peoples kindness. Giving people a long grace period to pay up their debts is inappropriate. This is because they tend to think that everyone is lenient as you are. This

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Benefits to Employees

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Benefits to Employees Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Your business doesnt exist in isolated way making money. Your employees always depend on your business. So customers, suppliers, local community all are affected by your business. Corporate social responsibility (in short CSR) is about understanding your business impact on the world and considering how you can use this impact in a positive way or keep well control on it. CSR can also be good for your attitude, going beyond to minimum legal requirement for the following straightforward principle is apply whatever the size of your business. Corporate social responsibility can cut across almost everything you do and everyone you deal with. You should think about the: The suppliers those you choose and the way how we deal with them. For example, trading with suppliers those who pollute the environment it could be as irresponsible as doing it so yourself. How we treat our employees. To make the responsible business, this means doing more than simple complying with legal requirements. How your business affecting local community and whether and how we should be actively involved. How do we affect the environment and what we can do to use resources more efficiently to reduce pollution and waste. This doesnt mean that you cant run a profitable business. In fact, corporate social responsibility can help you improve your business performance. By looking ahead, youre ready to cope with new laws and restrictions. We avoid costs such as wasted energy, paying unnecessary waste fees. In fact most importantly, we can keep winning business by increasingly demanding customers. Corporate social responsibility isnt just about doing the right thing. It means behave responsibly and also dealing with suppliers that do the same. It also offers benefits to direct business. Companies so often favour suppliers those who demonstrate responsible policies, as this could have a positive impact on it that how they are perceived by customers. Some customers dont just prefer to deal with responsible companies, but insist on it. The Co-operative Groups, for instance, places a strong emphasis on its corporate social responsibility and publishes detailed warts and all report on its performance on the wide range of criteria   from animal welfare to salt levels in its pizzas. Reducing resource use, waste and emissions doesnt just help the environment it saves you money too. Its not difficult to cut utility bills and waste disposal costs and you can bring immediate cash benefits. There are some other benefits too; Good reputation makes it easier to recruit the employees. Employees could stay longer by reducing the costs and disruption of recruitment and re-training. Employees are more motivated for better productive. Corporate social responsibility helps ensure you comply with regulatory requirements. Activities and involvement with local community are ideal opportunities to generate positive press coverage. Good relationships with local authorities make it easier doing business. By Understanding the wider impact of business can helps develop new products and services. Corporate social responsibility can make you more competitive and reduces the risk of sudden damage to your reputation and sales. Investors may recognise this and will be more willing to finance you. Understanding the environmental impact on business Your business affects many different people (employees, customers, suppliers and local community). It also has a wider impact on environment as well. Even the simplest step like energy efficiency measures by switching off lights and equipment when they arent needed, makes a real difference. By reducing the usage of water could also directly cuts your costs. Reducing waste also can make a big difference. Simple step like reducing the amount of the papers you waste could cut costs. You can even save more by planning about waste implications before you design new products and production processes. Doing Care about the environment can attract more customers too. Mostly customers prefer to do purchasing from responsible companies. There are many sorts of ways by you can reduce the environmental impact of business. e.g. making recyclable products sourcing responsibly (For example, using recycled materials and sustainable timber) minimising the packaging for products buying locally to save energy/fuel costs creating an efficient and fuel-efficient distribution network working with responsible suppliers and distributors who take steps to minimise their environmental impact We could reduce the environmental impact of our business by using environmental techniques assessment like lifecycle assessment and setting up an environmental management system. See our guides on environmental assessment techniques an overview and environmental management systems (EMS) the basics. Dealing responsibly with suppliers and customers By working with our suppliers and customers in a responsible way our business can reap substantial rewards. Customers We can take some actions when dealing with customers are: Make sure brochures  are in plain and simple English, telling the truth without hiding anything in the small print. Be honest about your products and services. Tell the customers what they want to know, including all steps you take to be socially responsible. If anything goes wrong, you should acknowledge the problem responsibly and deal with it. In returns you achieve the loyalty of customers in reward. Listening to consumers intentionally can also help you improve the products and services you offer them. Suppliers Choose your suppliers carefully as it is an important part of your approach to corporate social responsibility. For example, you may try to use local suppliers as many as possible. This helps you support the community and also reduces the waste, energy and carbon emissions from deliveries. When choosing suppliers you should also examine their environmental practices, health and safety and their employment. Customers are concerned increasingly about the wider impact of supply chains. Your business reputation can be damaged by being associated with others those abuse the rights of their employees or their local environment. Big organisations often audit their suppliers to ensure that they practise the responsible work. You could do something similar simply asking them about their attitudes to corporate social responsibility might be revealing. You should treat your suppliers fair way as particularly smaller business rely on you. For example, getting pay on time could make a big difference to employees. Working with local community Working with local community brings you a wide range of benefits. Local customers are an important source of sales for many businesses. By improving reputation of your business, you will find it easier to recruit the employees. A good relationship with local authorities can help your business run smoother. For example, mostly local authorities prefer to award contracts to businesses with a record of involvement with communities. There are different ways to get involved with local communities. Some businesses choose to support local charities, or sponsor charity/community a local event. It makes a commercial sense to get involved in activity related to your product. This will let you use your expertise as well as showing the human face of your business. For example, some restaurants provide foods to local homeless groups, and while builders can give free labour and materials to community projects. Look for opportunities that will directly benefits you, for example, by publicity, or improvement in neighbourhood around your premises. Many businesses involve their employees to work in directly or indirectly with the local communities. For example, you might support the charities chosen by employees. Some businesses encourage their employees to volunteer for the community activities and also offer them paid time off for the involvement in community activity. As well as by improving your community relationships can help motivating their employees and can help developing their interpersonal and team participation skills. You could also give your employees the option of making regular donations which are deduced at from their pay. Business in the Community (BITC)  has  developed  the Community Mark standard to help businesses get the most of our community involvement. Communities Justice Project The governments community justice initiative helps businesses work with local agencies to make improvement in the quality of life in their local area. This can benefit the business in different ways. For example, if your business suffers because of damage in your property or the surrounding area, the community justice team will work with you to address this. Your business could take a prominent approach to dealing with local crimes by supporting recent offender or your local community justice team. You could: provide financial and practical resources to help the local community justice team get involved with local projects support staff who volunteer in the criminal justice system, for example, as mentors, special constables, youth offender panel members, or in victim and witness support Corporate social responsibility can help you cut costs and boost sales. However, there are some other significant benefits which businesses forget about as they are harder to measure. Identify and measuring indicators of success You can benchmark business against others. Some of the UKs largest companies publish corporate social responsibility reports online. You can use key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure your environmental performance.   The Community Mark  standard lets you measure community involvement. Its worth remembering that measurements will probably only show the immediate impact of CSR. The biggest benefit can be the long term improvement in your businesss reputation. Benefits of corporate social responsibility Make the most of your corporate social responsibility activities by publicising them. Ensure the customers, suppliers and the local community that they know what you are doing. Corporate social responsibility lends itself to bring good news stories. Publicity can be a key part of using corporate social responsibility to successfully qualify for contracts. People want to get involve with businesses they respect. Corporate social responsibility can be particularly effective for targeting ethical companies, the public sector and not-for-profit organisations. At the same time, you should see corporate social responsibility as part of a continuing process of building long-term value. Everything and all good steps you do should help improve your businesss reputation and encourage customers to  stay involved with you for long time. A business that buys recycled paper, but exploits its customers and ignores the community, has missed the point. You can consider working towards a management standards which you can then use to publicise your ethical, social responsibility or environmental. For example, many businesses have achieved the environmental management standard ISO 14001. Images from: http://www.carbonfootprint.com/vcs.html Effective corporate social responsibility like this helps you continue to differentiate yourself. Even with dozens of competitors, a real commitment to corporate social responsibility lets you stand out.  For  example, John Lewis department stores  are well known for a business that owned by its employees.  Its commitment to corporate social responsibility feeds through into customer service, sales and profits. As well as affecting the way you behave, corporate social responsibility can lead to new product and service that reflect your values and those of your stakeholders. Over time can add up to powerful brand and winning business. How a corporate social responsibility initiative benefitted business The Venus Company is an award winning shop and a cafe operator with several outlets based in Cornwall and Devonshire. Established in 1995 by Michael Smith, the firm has strong environmental and ethical principles, and sells food that has been produced using local suppliers. And Michael explains how developing corporate social responsibility policies have helped him to run the business successfully. What Michael did to help the environment and support the local community Our mission is to be the greenest beach shop and cafe operator in the UK, and our attitude to almost every business decision flows from this. For us, CSR covers a number of elements. We support local producers, having spent more than  £300,000 on local food and drink from the immediate area around our cafes, and use local businesses for other goods and services. Over 80 per cent of our food and drink comes from Devon and Cornwall. We also work hard to minimise our impact on the environment, from using solar panels to recycling, carrying out regular litter collection and buying non-toxic cleaning products. Weve also focused on things like packaging to make sure its as biodegradable as possible. One scheme were really proud of is the SAM Beach Wildlife Fund, which raises money to educate local schoolchildren about their environment, and we also go into schools to do talks. Any business can engage in the local education system, and its very rewarding. Build a customer base and attract staff Building a positive image of a company that gives back to the community has undoubtedly created a number of business benefits. Over the past couple of years, we have been able to open two of our beach cafes year-round, rather than just through the summer months, as we have built up a loyal, local customer base and trade isnt simply seasonal. Recruitment is another area in which the business has benefited. Many of our staff are young, and they are really keen to work with a company that has a responsible and ethical approach, so attracting people to come and work for us has become easier. Generate PR Developing our CSR policies has also boosted our profile. Weve won quite a few awards, which have been good for us in PR terms, and weve also been able to use the award logos on our website and van. These have become part of our visual identity that people hopefully recognise. Entering awards can be a time commitment, but they can also be a fantastic way to audit and benchmark your business against others. What Id do differently Raise awareness about environmental protection earlier Id have got involved with the education side of things earlier. I think weve achieved a lot when it comes to teaching local kids how they can look after the environment, but if wed started ten years ago, wed be much further down the line by now. Heres how my business benefited from corporate social responsibility (Flash video) Bailey Partnership, established in 1971, is a progressive multi-disciplinary property and construction consultancy with five offices covering the South of England. Through their practices as a business, and role within community, they aim to support local causes, foundations, charities, schools, initiatives and people less fortunate than themselves. Here, Chartered Architectural Technologist Paul Chapple talks about how partaking in corporate social responsibility (CSR) work has benefited Bailey Partnership. References Link:- www.wikipedia.com http://www.carbonfootprint.com/vcs.html Change Management in Coca Cola | Case Study Change Management in Coca Cola | Case Study According to a Greek philosopher Heraclitus there is nothing permanent than change. He believed that change is the core of universe. This quote describes the importance of managing change in human as well as organizational life. A structured approach to transfer organization, its people and processes from current state to a desired future state is called change management. This process gives employees the ability to accept changes in the existing environment of the business. Change can be of different type for example, change in technology, operations or strategies etc. company needs to implement individual strategies to cope with each type of change. Organizations need to change and adopt dynamic survival strategies to stay alive in uncertain political, social and economic environment (Hiatt and Creasy, 2003). All environmental factors present in the nature experience change on continuous basis. Human nature resists change, so managing that resistance requires well planned change management strategies. This report is aimed at describing the importance of change management for organization its motives and objectives, change management processes, how company can involve all the stakeholders for successful implantation of change management and the strategies that an organization can adopt to implement the successful change. Reasons for adopting change Organizations need change for the following reasons: To respond to the rapidly changing environment To improve the overall performance of the company To rapidly respond to the customers demands To improve the effectiveness and efficiency To increase the employee performance To create the best practices inside the organization and setting standards for the industry To improve profitability and return on overall investment Change management is needed for organizational survival. So the company should adopt to change management techniques in order to maintain its worth in the industry. Importance of change management In a study 327 project managers had responded to the question that if you had a chance to do it again, what would you do differently? Most of them responded that we will implement an effective change management program planned way before starting the project. This study highlights the importance of change management in an organizational perspective. Change management moderates the risks that can cause failure (Jeff and Creasey, 2003). The change management process Change management is being studied by the philosophers, researchers and business experts for many years. A number of change management theories, approaches and philosophies are developed by psychologists and management professionals to implement successful change in the organization (Paton and MacCalman, 2008). There are three phases of change management i.e. preparing for change, managing change and reinforcing change. Preparation for change phase includes assessment of change capabilities and capacity and developing a strategy that fit to those capabilities. Second phase i.e. managing change phase includes processes like planning and implementation of strategies made in the first phase. Last phase which is the reinforcement of change includes the processes like collection and analyzing of feedback data, finding out gaps and coping with determined degree of resistance from inside and outside the organization and taking corrective actions to successfully conclude the change managemen t process (change management learning center, 1996-2011). According to Lewins 3 step model, change is episodic i.e. it can be easily planned into three stages: Unfreezing Changing Freezing Managers at Coca Cola Company can motivate workforce in the unfreezing stage by informing them about the vitality of change being planned in context of organization benefits. Training to the staff members can make them more adept at accepting the transformational stage. In the changing phase the company can initiate practical steps with regard to the strategic plan for change. It can be achieved by developing strong relationships and offering rewards. Refreezing phase allows Coca Cola Corporation to make recently innovated change a part of their strategy so that workforce does not get back to the previously used operational methods of the organization (Robbins and Coulter, 2008). Change managementA case of Coca Cola Corporation Coca Cola is a retailer, marketer and manufacturer of non-alcoholic drinks and is known worldwide for it coca cola beverage. In addition to its coca cola brand, Coca Cola Company offers 500 beverages and non beverages brands in about two hundred countries. The company was founded by Asa Candler in year 1892. Its headquarter is located in Atlanta, Georgia of United States of America. The company had total net income of approximately 11.8 billion US dollars in year 2010 with total number of employees 139,600 worldwide. Companys brand i.e. Coca Cola stands number one in the list of most well known brands of the world (Coca Cola company, 2006-2011). Coca Cola is a type of company that requires making changes in its products and business strategies according to the consumer expectations and external environment. Here in this study we would quote different examples from coca cola corporations history and will examine that what were the triggering events for opting the change and what strategies the company developed and implemented in order to successfully going through the transitioning process. The need for change in an organization is often created by external and internal factors, where external ones encompass governmental laws, labor markets, market conditions, economin scenario etc. and internal factors are the workforce, resources, attitudes of workers and strategy adopted by the organization (Robbins and Coulter, 2008). Coca Cola Corporation is among one of the oldest corporations of the world. It has gone through many internal and external changes since it has been in existence. The company has used techniques of change management in order to survive from the consequences of those events. The company has faced a lot of external changes, for example in world war II, the company was able to manage its existing position at that time and also entered in many new markets and discovered new niches (Coca Cola company, 2006-2011). The company also provided free drinks to soldiers which were the part of its strategy to become a patriotic symbol for the people of the country. Also it boosted the sales, so the company achieved two objectives by carefully planning to respond to that external environmental change. The plants developed by the company in war era helped its expansion after the war. Barton et al (2002) reported that Coca Cola Corporation adopted acquisition strategy in time of Asian financial crisis. The company acquired bottling, coffee and tea shop businesses in Korea and Malaysia. Beverage is a type of industry where tastes and preferences of the consumers change on continuous basis. Coca Cola Company also responded to such consumer changing behaviors in an effective way by developing new products like Diet Coke and Coca Cola Zero. The company also committed a marketing blender when a rival company launched a black beverage with comparatively sweet and smooth taste. The product was named as new Coke. But the sales gradually went down and company faced severe consumer critics and protests. The company managed this situation very commendably by restoring the old formula and naming the bottle as diet coke (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). As people are becoming more health conscious and willing to invest on health based products, coca cola is developing juices and v arious energy drinks as well. This shows the companys strategy to responding varying consumer tastes and expectations and changing itself according to it. The coco cola company used theory of organization change presented by Kotler (1996) which elaborated the procedure to manage change on the people dimension of the organization. In addition to making operational and strategic changes, the company also changed its advertising strategy by targeting various groups of consumers like American consumers, African consumers, Middle and far eastern consumers and European consumers. The company altered the packaging of its coca cola brand and developed more product lines and broadened them globally (The Coca-Cola company case. n.d.). The present condition of Coca cola Company worldwide is very good. The company is selling its beverages throughout the world successfully. But in some countries, coca cola stores are not as according to the companys main marketing, inventory and efficiency theme. The company is planning to align its performance standards according to its own corporate culture and strategies with the help of a comprehensive change management plan. These changes will be implemented within the business operations and management of the company. Change Management at Coca Cola Organizational change might be referred to as any change brought about in structure technology or people of an organization. Change in structure is maintaining the span of control, specifying different work roles, redesigning job scenarios etc. Change in technology could be an introduction to new innovative methods for improving the products quality launched by the organization. While change in people is to bring about alterations in the way people think and act. It means to modify their behavior towards the betterment of organization (Robbins and Coulter, 2008, p.364). Employee engagement The recent change management at coca cola is directed towards the intrinsic values and motivations of the employees and can be referred to as employee engagement. The change management process, together with internal branding programs is expected to bring about ideal behaviors in employees, which would align the operations of coca cola worldwide, and bring about efficiency throughout coca cola across all its business segments. Coca cola hopes to bring about a thoroughly integrated system of communications, and focus on creating brand relationships with their employees. This would enhance the operations of Coca cola, as an integrated approach would mean all employees believe in engaging fully in the values, and this would become an inherent part of the employees at a personal level. Coca-cola is actively seeking to incorporate the change into its company for building capability in engagement, maintaining engagement momentum and ensuring that engagement is integrated into CCRs people practices (Samdahl,2011). For this purpose, employee engagement surveys are conducted twice every year for all the coca cola associates, which serve to highlight the areas where action is required, and further actions and implementations can henceforth be executed. Coca-cola believes that their business results hinge on the dedication of their employees to operational excellence. The company truly recognizes the importance of the people to the business, and knows that to continue to bring about tremendous results it is bringing in, employees throughout the world should believe in the values intrinsically, and therefore the employee engagement is being focused on all the countries the company serves to align, thoroughly integrate and align the company so that operational efficiency can be achieved. Importance of change to coca cola Employee engagement is very significant to all segments of operations at coca-cola and has translated into performance in areas where employee engagement is higher. For coca-cola, an engaged workforce means: A more committed workforce Employee performance aligned with organizational objectives Employees have a clear idea of what is expected of them and what are the deliverables Customer experience focuses an inherent part of employees values, who strives to provide a better experience to the customers. Customer focus was identified as a central tenant of the multi-year engagement strategy to be implemented in 2011(Gee,2011) When employees are aligned with company goals, they themselves adopt a proactive approach towards issues such as waste elimination Employees awareness gives them a voice which helps to influence legislations at local levels An integrated system of communication is very helpful in the volatile and dynamic markets of today, where conditions change very often and the company has to be responsive at all times Therefore, for all the business segment of coca-cola wherever they are located across the world, the change towards employee engagement is justified if they have to reap the fruits gained by an effective system of integration. Ensuring the Involvement of Required Stakeholders Coca Cola Company can use two change management tools to make sure that all people who are required to be the part of change management process. These tools are Force Field analysis and AKADAR model. Force field analysis is a technique developed by Kurt Lewin to scrutinize the forces that are causing an opposition to change process (Bass, 2009). By doing Force Field Analysis, Coca Cola Company will be able to induct people who are in need of appropriate training. Another useful tool is AKADAR model which stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement. Through AKDAR model, firm creates awareness about the need of change, generate desire in the people to help in transitioning process, give knowledge to the people that how they can help the change process, develop an ability in the people to go through the change and provide them with continuous reinforcement to withstand the change (CMLR, 2011). Ensuring that change is successful Some considerations that will facilitate the change management process include: productive and consequential dialogues and talks with employee representatives Online and paper surveys from all the stakeholders involved in the change throughout the world, and with associates to gain an insight on their perceptions Effective communication at this stage for informing the stakeholders the reasons for change and the benefits it would bring Overcoming the inertia by taking all stakeholders in confidence. The surveys can serve as a pre requisite to gain an insight on the stakeholder perspective Details of the action planning process communicated to all those who would initiate the change Recommendations for Coca Cola Company In the volatile dynamics with which companies operate today, change is inevitable. Therefore, the focus should not be on avoiding change, rather bringing about a smooth transition towards the new change by communicating about the change, and ensuring all parties of the change that it is for the best of all those involved. To successfully implement organizational change of any nature, a specific regards to organizational structure, design, culture, management and leadership is required to see whether the change would make a best fit with the organizational goals and objectives. First of all the company should ascertain the core problems exist in the company for the change management. The company may develop a change management program for responding to financially uncertain environment of the world. It can also develop change management programs for better operations and logistics. The company can introduce new procedures and technological systems to carry out operations. Programs can be introduced in forms changing companys mission and corporate culture enhancements. For all that, the most essential thing is to train upper management to provide them with specific skills necessary to effectively going through the transitioning process. Following is the brief expression of plans that the company can adopt. Systems thinking Systems thinking can be used to guide the successful change in the organization. The model is based on an integrative and interactive open system which consists of the variables, attributes, internal relations and environment. The system is based on characteristics like wholeness, interdependence, chain of influence, need for balance and adaptability etc in an open system where communication is seen as an integrated process that facilitates change within the organization. Several system characteristics are: wholeness and interdependence (the whole is more than the sum of all parts), correlations, perceiving causes, chain of influence, hierarchy, supra-systems and subsystems, self-regulation and control, goal-oriented interchange with the environment, inputs/outputs, the need for balance/homeostasis, change and adaptability (morphogenesis) and equifinality: there are various ways to achieve goals. Different types of networks are: line, commune, hierarchy and dictator networks. Communication in this perspective can be seen as an integrated process not as an isolated event. Establishing new structure It is a well known fact that Coca Cola Corporation was an entrepreneurial venture started by one person who bought the formula from another firm and laid foundations of that beverages manufacturing firm. Current structure of the coca cola company is simple with minimal labor and management division. New system that can be adopted by the company may be the machine bureaucracy which Henry Mintzberg (1992) defined as an organization with clearly defined hierarchy, well defined area of operations, standard operating procedures, proper rules and regulations, well division of labor, formal relationships among the member of organization, centralized decision making, technical competence and standardization of work. Reducing employee defiance Opposition of change is a common human behavior. Particularly, in the workplace people resist the change in organizational culture, structure and policies. But in order to successfully and effectively implement the change management program, it is important for Coca Cola Company that it should develop strategies to reduce employee defiance to change. Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) explained six strategies which can be useful for coca cola Company in employee defiance management. First strategy is to involve the employee in change process and make them participate as far as they can. Second strategy is to communicate the change management programs to the people effectively to educate them about the benefits the programs would bring. This will make them comfortable in adopting the change. Third strategy is negotiation and agreement. The company should create a consensus on important change issues and with the agreement of all important stakeholders; it should launch the change management program. The resistance level will be zero on change programs that are being launched with the mutual agreement of all relevant stakeholders. Fourth strategy is that to support the employees who are due to some disability or emotional or psychological issue or some other threat unable to adapt to the change. If the company develops proper channel for such people, they would adjust gradually to the change management program. In case of failure of above mentioned four strategies, company can manipulate the employees by calling union leader other than relevant ones as fifth strategy. Sixth strategy is to force the employees with articulate or non-articulate methods but this is not a very good approach. Conclusion To conclude, it may be said that communication can be a key element to successful change management. Communicate the changes to the employees; tell them why the change was inevitable and how they will benefit from the change. The management should itself adopt a positive attitude towards the change so that employees can follow their lead and welcome the change. Coca-cola as a company has a heritage of embracing change rather than resist it and it should translate into their future endeavors towards change management to ensure that the organization is best poised to market under all sorts of environmental conditions.

Freedom of Speech vs Censorship -- First Amendment

We are blessed to live in a country that has many rights, the most important is the freedom of speech which provides an umbrella of protection over our remaining rights; however, all of our rights are under attack beginning with the First Amendment which is under constant assault by censorship. The Constitution of the United States says that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† Censorship as defined by Wikipedia is â€Å"the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the government or media organizations as determined by a censor.† Any statement or image can be determined to be offensive by anyone at anytime, therefore censorship is an attack on our Freedom of Speech. No one can determine for anyone else what is or is not offensive. What we as individuals determine to be offensive to us, might be beautiful to someone else. Also, the definition states suppression of speech considered inconvenient to the government. The Constitution guarantees us the right to Freedom of Speech specifically to keep government from suppressing our speech. Many argue that there are words, phrases, pictures and ideas that are so offensive that we must have government pass laws to keep these from being spoken or discussed. They would further argue that the enormity of the degree of offense warrants such censorship. There are certain types of speech that fall under that definition, howe... ...an trust what the paper’s say because the state runs the media. The constitution provides that â€Å"no law shall be made abridging our right to freedom of speech. Therefore all laws supporting censorship are unconstitutional and should be banned as per the First Amendment. If we fail to ban censorship then we give up all of our rights we cease to be free. Works Cited Merriam-Webster. Abridged. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abridging Wikipedia. Censorship. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship Wikipedia. Fairness Doctrine. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_Doctrine Wikipedia. Main article: United States Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 to 10) Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution Freedom of Speech vs Censorship -- First Amendment We are blessed to live in a country that has many rights, the most important is the freedom of speech which provides an umbrella of protection over our remaining rights; however, all of our rights are under attack beginning with the First Amendment which is under constant assault by censorship. The Constitution of the United States says that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† Censorship as defined by Wikipedia is â€Å"the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the government or media organizations as determined by a censor.† Any statement or image can be determined to be offensive by anyone at anytime, therefore censorship is an attack on our Freedom of Speech. No one can determine for anyone else what is or is not offensive. What we as individuals determine to be offensive to us, might be beautiful to someone else. Also, the definition states suppression of speech considered inconvenient to the government. The Constitution guarantees us the right to Freedom of Speech specifically to keep government from suppressing our speech. Many argue that there are words, phrases, pictures and ideas that are so offensive that we must have government pass laws to keep these from being spoken or discussed. They would further argue that the enormity of the degree of offense warrants such censorship. There are certain types of speech that fall under that definition, howe... ...an trust what the paper’s say because the state runs the media. The constitution provides that â€Å"no law shall be made abridging our right to freedom of speech. Therefore all laws supporting censorship are unconstitutional and should be banned as per the First Amendment. If we fail to ban censorship then we give up all of our rights we cease to be free. Works Cited Merriam-Webster. Abridged. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abridging Wikipedia. Censorship. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship Wikipedia. Fairness Doctrine. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_Doctrine Wikipedia. Main article: United States Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 to 10) Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution

Bell Hooks

She is proud to call herself as â€Å"Black woman intellectual, revolutionary activist. † Not a firebrand revolutionary, who ‘wields the gun’, but an individual who sits across the table with paper and pen to kindle intellectual revolution! Bell Hooks belongs to the later category and she has proved how indeed the pen is mightier than the sword. She has thrown light on many forms of racialism, open and with a hidden agenda. For the prevailing, pathetic conditions of the Black Women, she does not blame the â€Å"white supremacist capitalist patriarchy† alone.She takes the cudgels against the Black liberation struggle and the mainstream Feminist movement. She is aware of the strength of her opinions and has succeeded in creating the impact by using the electronic media—she has appeared on televisions, participated in the radio programs. She is interested in interacting with the intellectual class, but she is highly concerned to reach the common man. Th erefore she says, â€Å"We are looking at a culture where millions of people don’t read or write.† She has thankfully used the mass media for propagating what she believed to be the truth, at the same time she has not spared it, for the dubious roles they play in many situations to promote racism and sexism. Growth-the socio-spiritual Bell Hook: She imbibed the poet’s idealism by extensively reading poets like William Wordsworth, Langston Hughes, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Gwendolyn Brooks, right from childhood. The fervor and emotions in her talks and writing may be due to the benevolent influence of the literature of such poets.Each and every molecule of her body and spirit seems to have been surcharged with idealism. This apart, the practical, hard experiences of her life have made her a die-hard realist. â€Å"She wrote in Sisters of the Yam that life in her community involved ‘an ever-present and deep engagement with the mystical dimensions of Christian faith’ and that, ‘despite the sexism of that segregated Black world, the world of spirituality was one where Black women teachers, preachers, and healers worked with as much skill, power, and second sight as their Black male comrades. ’(Article, Black†¦. )Bell Hooks is an original thinker and she is willing to challenge any set-up that gives the secondary status to the Black Women. She doesn’t wish the black women to be followers, howsoever bright may be their ideas for emancipation of the women. She wishes black women to be first among the equals. She is ever ready to fight false representations. She emphasizes how race and class play as big as a role as gender—and vividly draws picture of the subordination of poor and non-white women. To argue her points, she takes the case-studies from the most unexpected place-her own personal experiences and examples.She knows how bitter the bark is, because she has been compelled to chew its juice! Her main grouse and concern is about the fear of the black people. The psychological suffering of the black people is more important for her than their economic plight. Are the Blacks inferiors to the white people? Such a dangerous and humiliating thinking regarding the Blacks, deeply worries her to the core. She wishes for a social response from the whites, where one can feel the genuine changes in their thought process.Only when their thoughts are changed, their minds will change. When the minds change, the men will change. When men change, the society also changes. When society changes for the better, one can expect the genuine, humane changes in America, as for relationship between Whites and Blacks. â€Å"Black women have often turned to drugs and alcohol rather than acknowledge their need for viable support systems. †¦. When wounded individuals come together in groups to make change, our collective struggle is often undermined by all that has not been dealt with e motionally.â€Å"(Article, Black†¦) Here, Bell Hooks speaks as if she has donned the mantle of a revolutionary trade union leader! But again she defends her line of action a novel way. She is not happy with the word struggle. She terms it caring, loving, and flourishing. With such fine inspiring expressions, Bell appeals to the head and heart of the Black populace. She proclaims that participation in action with cheer is better than withdrawal and renunciation of action for self-development. â€Å"My idea of a delicious time is to read a book that is wonderful.And then I have the usual passions: romance, fashion†¦I'm a big fashion girl. And I'm really into art and deeply into culture. I am passionate about living my life with a certain quality of elegance and grace. But the ruling passion of my life is being a seeker after truth and the divine. That tempers everything else. † (Article, Black†¦) She speaks with the authority of a genuine spiritual leader. Only those individuals, who are internally strong and morally correct, can be that philosophical and practical.She is on the threshold of the mind-barrier and she will experience the divine once she transcends it. She has the makings of an international socio-spiritual leader. Bell Hooks and gangsta rap: As for her programs, Bell Hooks is intensely liked or bitterly hated. Having once invited for any lecture assignment/interview, she doesn’t get repeat invitations. It is the ‘reward’ for her bitter criticism of white supremacist capitalist patriarchy. She says, â€Å"To white dominated mass media, the controversy over gangsta rap makes great spectacle.Besides the exploitation of these issues to attract audiences, a central motivation for highlighting gangsta rap continues to be the sensationalist drama of demonizing black youth culture in general and the contributions of young black men in particular†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ When I counter this deionization of black males by in sisting that gangsta rap does not appear in a cultural vacuum, but, rather, is expressive of the cultural crossing, mixings, and engagement of black youth culture with the values, attitudes, and concerns of the white majority, some folks stop listening.† (McGee, 1994) Conclusion: Bell Hooks speaks with lots of conviction, and says in clear terms what is the mission of her life. She cautions the Black Women and warns about the dangers ahead. She hits out at the black males as well, for their betrayal for the genuine cause of welfare of the black race. She doesn’t spare anyone including the Clinton administration, when she says, â€Å"Feminist critiques of the sexism and misogyny in gangsta rap, and in all aspects of popular culture, must continue to be bold and fierce.Black females must not be duped into supporting shit that hurts us under the guise of standing beside our men. If black men are betraying us through acts of male violence, we save ourselves and the race by resisting. Yet, our feminist critiques of black male sexism fail as meaningful political intervention if they seek to demonize black males, and do not recognize that our revolutionary work is to transform white supremacist capitalist patriarchy in the multiple areas of our lives where it is made manifest, whether in gangsta rap, the black church, or the Clinton administration.† (Article, 1994) ========= References Cited: Article: Black woman, Intellectual, Revolutionary Activist-Bell Hooks: †¦ www. allaboutbell. com – 7k McGee, Arthur R. Article: Race & Ethnicity: hooks: Misogyny, Gangsta†¦ (March 9, 1994). .. race. eserver. org/misogyny. html – 28k – Article: Bell Hooks – Misogyny, gangsta rap, and The Piano. Z Magazine, February 1994 †¦ www. allaboutbell. com/Misogyny. htm – 22k –

Velázquez’s Las Meninas

The work of art of Diego Velasquez de Silva entitled Las Meninas is claimed to be the â€Å"Theology of painting† by art critic Luca Giordano. Other art critic such as Palomino states that Las Meninas was â€Å"truth, not painting† and Tà ©ophile Gautier says that â€Å"wondered where the picture was†. Las Meninas interpretations were made even for other fields such as mathematics, moral politics, politics and astrology. Many questions had also risen from the painting that were given with other long names before it was finally called Las Meninas derived from the Portuguese word for Maids of Honour of the Royal children in the 17th century.One of these questions was who and what was the portrait being painted in front of the canvass being hidden from us. Is it the royal couple being painted, or is it really the royal princess being the one prepared to be painted? The figures painted in Las Meninas suggest to me that Diego Velasquez de Silva is painting a portrait of King Philip IV and Queen Mariana as they are reflected from a mirror glass behind Las Meninas.The focus of sight of the self-portrait of Velasquez, the picture of the dwarf Maribarbola, the picture of the queen’s palace marshal Jose Nieto, and the picture of a guardadamas all suggest to me that it was the portrait of the royal couple that were the one really being painted by Velasquez in the front of the canvass that were hidden from us. Las Meninas is somewhat a snapshot of the painting session of Velasquez with the royal couple which is being viewed by their Infanta Margarita together with her court. Infanta Margarita is shown to be not focused with either the portrait being canvassed or the royal couple being painted.This could be caused by the offering of a jug of water by the queen’s maid of honour, Doà ±a Maria Agustina Sarmiento. The two lady servants are too focused with assisting Infanta Margarita. The male dwarf beside Maribarbola was then busy with play ing with a dog in front of them. The lady in waiting beside the guardadamas may be described in Las Meninas as being bored or sleepy. Though some were not focused with what Velasquez was working on, it is enough for me that Velasquez, Nieto, Maribarbola, and the Guardadamas was looking with the royal couple so as to conclude they were the one being painted by Velasquez.

Muhammd as a seal of prophet

Muhammd as a seal of prophet Reasons why Prophet Muhammad was chosen as last prophet Prophet Muhammad is believed to be the initiator of the Islamic religion and he is therefore referred to as the messenger as well as the last prophet of God. He is believed to be an active theorist who, according to the Muslim faith is seen as a driving force towards marvelous action .According, to the Muslim faith scholars argue that Prophet Muhammad was also called by the name â€Å"Peace be Upon Him|† and therefore, he is believed to have been chosen by God as the last prophet in the line of prophets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Muhammd: as a seal of prophet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More God therefore chose Prophet Muhammad at a time in history when there was increased idol worship, social injustice but monotheism had reduced at that particular time. This in effect implies that God chose him to preach the gospel of True religion to the people wh o at that time were great sinners, â€Å"For We assuredly sent amongst every people a prophet, with the command: Worship Me (Allah) and avoid false gods† (Qu’ran16:36). Since the Qur’an serves as the last revelation that God reveled to mankind, bearing in mind that other religious texts have other prophecies, it is clearly established that Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet. Furthermore, the Qur’an tends to contain the final revelation to the prophet hence properly justifying that Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet (Arafat, 9-21). Evidence from Qur’an to prove Prophet Muhammad was the seal prophet According, to the Quran teachings Prophet Muhammad can be seen as the seal prophet from his background. The Qur’an notes that prophet Muhammad was a messenger of Allah since the Qur’an notes that â€Å" he was the last prophet that Allah send on earth after other prophets like Moses sent by God in the Holy Bible† (Qur’an 33:40). In the Muslim faith the seal of the prophet was a clear symbol showing that prophet hood had came to an end which thus it meant that no other prophet would follow Prophet Muhammad. God gave the last divine messages to Prophet Muhammad clearly showing that he is the seal of prophets as he was used to signify that the existing intermediation between Allah and his worshippers had seized. From the Qur’an evidence shows that, Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet, â€Å"Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets† (Al-Ahzab, 33/40). This phrase from the Qur’an clearly shows that Prophet Muhammad was the last link in the line of prophets. From the Islamic interpretation it indicates that Muhammad is the last prophet of Allah who ended further establishment of prophet hood and therefore he represented a divine seal which acted as an approval and evidence of what the other prophets had done on ea rth.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interpretation of the phrase â€Å"Muhammad is not the father of any man among you† clearly gives the evidence that prophecy was divine hence it was not to be a passed on from father to son, instead the other phrase â€Å"seal of prophet† sums up the idea that prophet Muhammad was actually the â€Å"last prophet† (Abdullah 128-150). Another evidence can be extracted from the Qur’an verse â€Å"This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed my favor unto you, and have chosen Islam as a religion (Quran 5:3) implies that, the improvements in the societal religion was actually achieved during Prophet Muhammad’s time. Evidently, it meant that no other prophet was anticipated to appear after Prophet Muhammad and his wisdom was to be followed keenly by all the people on earth (Walke r, 20-26). Importance of seal prophet in Islamic culture The sealing of the prophet has always been associated with strong elements of Islamic culture and belief. The seal of prophet is highly associated with the Islamic culture due the fact that it represents the final message of God revealed to the people through the last prophet Muhammad. Consequently, this means that the Qur’an establishes messages through which peace and blessings are shown as the only way through which prophet hood has been closed. According, to studies done by religious scholars it evident that prophet hood came to an end with Prophet Muhammad since his prophetic was supposed to be everlasting till the end of time ((Abdullah 128-150). Islamic religion therefore, is a clear representation of the prior religion of monotheism which was strongly emphasized by Prophet Muhammad that implied totally submission to God. Since the Islamic religion revolves around peace that acts as a representation of nature, it means that Muslims strongly associate the seal of the prophet with their culture since the last prophet Muhammad was also called peace be upon him. Therefore, the main assignment of Prophet Muhammad was to bring peace upon the earth which currently is the central point of the Islamic religion. That Prophet Muhammad was the final prophet to deliver the message that God had sent, deliver his teachings, forms the background for the true Muslim followers who truly believe in the Islamic faith. Normally, they tend to emulate the practices of the last prophet with the main emphasis on the fact that they should earn God’s pleasure first before it can be returned to Him (Christopher, 56-75).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Muhammd: as a seal of prophet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critical questions The first question raised in this paper is the issue of why was Prophet Muhammad was chosen as the last prophet. F rom the analysis we tend to find out that prophet Muhammad was actually chosen as the last prophet after other prophets like Moses. Therefore we analyze that since other prophets had passed away God then saw the purpose of choosing Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet so that he could preach the word of God to the people who had diverted from God’s ways to other ways. Since the people on earth had turned away from God’s ways to worshipping idols, there was need for God to send a prophet on earth who could preach the message to the people regarding true gospel. In order to convince the people on earth to change and turn back to God there was need for a prophet who therefore God saw the purpose of choosing Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet. In addition God chosen Prophet Muhammad purposely since God had no other plans of sending another prophet after Muhammad therefore Allah treated Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet. The second critical question is to analyze any e vidence from the Qur’an which actually symbolizes Prophet Muhammad as the seal prophet. From the Qua’ran versus analyzed above it is clear that Prophet Muhammad was the seal prophet since he served as the last messenger who God had send to bring his message to the people on earth. Since God used him as the last messenger on earth it clearly gives us evidence that Prophet Muhammad actually was the seal prophet. The Qu’ran versus refers to Prophet Muhammad as not a father of any human being which indicates that he was a divine messenger of God which clearly indicates that he was the last prophet as his prophecy was never meant to be inherited from one generation to generation. In addition evidence from the Qu’ran tends to refer to Prophet Muhammad as a prophet of divine wisdom hence his religion is referred as a perfect one in the Islamic religion The last question tends to give the reasons why the Muslims uphold the idea Prophet Muhammad as the seal prophe t in their cultural expressions. Analyzing this question it is clear that the idea of Prophet being seen as the seal prophet is of much importance to the Islamic culture. This due to the fact that Prophet Muhammad is seen as the fore father of Islamic culture thus in Islamic culture he is always treated as the founder of Islamic religion. With fact that Prophet Muhammad is seen as the last prophet then it implies he is the founder of Islamic culture this to Muslims is very important and they tend to associate their culture to the founder of the Islamic religion. Since Prophet Muhammad was the founder of the Islamic religion it indicates that Islamic practices should be based on the nature of the founder. This concept therefore is used by Muslims hence associated heavily with Islamic cultural expressionAdvertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abdullah, Y. The holy Quran, Leicester, UK: Academia Press, 2005. Pp 128-150. Arafat, W. â€Å"Facts and fiction in the History of pre-Islamic idol – Worship,† Islamic Quarterly, Vol .12, 1968, pp 9-21. Christopher, B. Islamic Tradition. New York: Harper Row, 1972, pp 56-75. Walker, J. Bible characters in the Koran. Paisley, London: Alexander Gardner, 1931, pp 20-26.

The Cross Family of Words

The Cross Family of Words The Cross Family of Words The Cross Family of Words By Mark Nichol Cross, a word with a great variety of meanings, is also at the head of an extensive family of words, some of which are listed and defined in this post. Cross made its way into English circuitously from the Latin word crux, with stops in Old Irish and Old Norse. It originally referred to a post with a crossbeam on which condemned prisoners were hung to be executed. By its association with the execution of Jesus in such circumstances, it became a symbol of Christianity, not only as a t-shaped object but also as a series of gestures that collectively suggest the shape of the cross and are intended to convey an appeal to Jesus Christ for a blessing. Capitalized, the word refers to the specific cross on which the execution took place; in this way, it is also a metonym for the Christian religion. (A metonym is a figure of speech in which a detail associated with an entity or an idea represents the entire entity or idea.) Metaphorically, in the phrase â€Å"cross to bear,† the word also suggests a personal trial, evoking the story that Jesus was forced to drag his cross over his shoulder to the site of his execution. Cross also refers to any similarly shaped object or sign or to an x used as a signature. The word also denotes an act of hybridizing, or crossbreeding, living things or an animal that is a result of hybridization, as well as an intersection, a boxing punch, or a diagonal or lateral pass in soccer or any similar activity, as in a movement onstage during a theatrical performance. The word also pertains to an opposing or thwarting of an intention or to a dishonest or fraudulent contest or practice. Verb and adjectival forms apply to these definitions as well, and the adjective across means â€Å"over,† â€Å"through,† or â€Å"on the opposite side of,† as well as â€Å"throughout,† and pertains to intersecting or passing through at an angle. (Across is also an adverb, as in â€Å"Walk across the field.†) A crusade was originally a military expedition undertaken to assert political and religious control over the region of the Middle East associated with early Christianity; the series of such efforts that occurred during the Middle Ages is referred to as the Crusades. By extension, a crusade is any enthusiastic enterprise. The noun crucifixion, as well as the verb crucify, refers to execution on a cross; the verb also refers metaphorically to ridiculing, scorning, or tormenting someone in the public arena. Cruciform means â€Å"cross shaped,† a crucifer is a person who carries a cross in a religious procession or one of a family of edible plants (and a crozier is a symbolic shepherd’s crook carried by certain Christian clerics); cruciferous describes a specimen in the latter category. A cruciverbalist, meanwhile, is a preparer of crossword puzzles. Other words stemming from crux include the use of the Latin term in English to refer to a difficult or unsolved problem or an essential point or main feature; the resulting adjective crucial means â€Å"decisive† or â€Å"significant,† and excruciating is an adjective meaning â€Å"agonizing† or â€Å"extreme† and refers usually to pain but sometimes to psychologically uncomfortable situations or to unpleasant emotions such as boredom. As seen in a couple examples above, cross is also employed as the first element in a compound word. Other examples include crosswalk and crosswind; most of these are treated as closed compounds, but there are exceptions, including cross-eye and cross-stitch. Occasionally, cross is the second element, as in double-cross. Crucible appears to be related but is not; it derives from the Latin term crucibulum, referring to an earthen pot in which metals are melted. That function, and perhaps the resemblance to words stemming from crux that begin with the element cruc-, led to the connotation of a test or trial or a situation in which significant change occurs. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a Row

Old ACT Scores How to Get and Use Them

Old ACT Scores How to Get and Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you graduate from college years ago and now a prospective employer is asking for your ACT scores? Or perhaps you took time off after high school and now have to send your ACT scores to colleges. In either case, you'll need to know how to access your old ACT scores. In this article, I'll explain how to get and use old ACT scores.I'll walk you through the process of retrieving old scores and sending score reports for any ACT tests you took long ago. Why Would You Need Old ACT Scores? Believe it or not, some employers do request standardized test scores.Most employers who look at old ACT scores arein the investment banking and consulting industries. Education and tutoring companies might also ask for your ACT scores, especially if you're applying for a job in the fun-filled world of test prep. In addition, if you took time off between high school and college, or if you left college and are now reapplying to schools, you might need to send ACT score reports to the schools you're applying to. In this case, you'll need to look at each school's website to verify whether or not you need your old ACT scores. In general, standardized test scores are not required if you graduated from high school more than five years ago. How Do You Get an Old ACT Score? There are a few ways to get your old ACT scores depending on when you took the test. If You Tested in Spring 2008 or Later ACT scores are available online from spring 2008 to the present.To view your scores online, you must have anACT account. If you registered online when you originally took the test, you already have an account and can simply log in to access your scores. If you don't have an online account, you can create one. However, you'll need to know your ACT ID number in order to access your scores. You can find your ACT ID number on your admission ticket and official ACT score report, which was sent to the high school and colleges you requested. It's an eight-digit number that begins with a dash. If you can't find your ACT ID, call ACT, Inc. to get it.Prepare as much identifying information as possible to help the agents locate your ID; this includes the following: Your full name Your test date Your home address (when you tested) Your birth date The phone number for ACT, Inc. is 319-337-1270. If You Tested Before Spring 2008 If you tested before the spring of 2008, you can't get your scores online. However, ACT, Inc. can use microfiche to find scores from as far back as the fall of 1966.If you tested before the spring of 2008, call ACT, Inc. at the number above to try to locate your scores. Again, have as much identifying information as possible on hand to help the agent find your score. You should know your test date (at least the year) and your address at the time. How to Send an ACT Score Report for an Old Test ACT scores are archived for tests taken before September 1, 2015.If a score is archived, it's not in the active file. There's anadditional $24 fee for finding and sending archived ACT score reports. Additionally, report requests for archived scores take an additional working day to process. We look at the different types of ACT score reports and required fees in more detail below. Fees for Sending ACT Score Reports As you might've guessed, fees are unfortunately higher if you're trying to send old ACT scores. Regular Reports A regular score report is always processed within one week after your request is received. ACT, Inc. delivers reports to colleges and agencies you've selected based on their preferred schedule, which is typically at least every two weeks. ACT score reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $13 per test date per report, while score reports for tests taken before September 1 cost $37 per test date per report (including a non-refundable $24 archived scores fee). Priority Reports Priority reports are typically processed within two working days after ACT, Inc. gets your request, and are delivered three to four business days later. Keep in mind that you can only send priority reports to locations within the US. Also, note that colleges that only receive reports electronically might not view priority reports any faster than they would regular ones. Priority reports for tests taken after September 1, 2015, cost $16.50 per test date per report, while priority reports for tests takenbefore September 1 cost $40.50 per test date per report (again, this includes a $24 archived scores fee). ACT Score Report Ordering Options Now that you know what types of ACT score reports you can order, how do you actually go about ordering them? You have a few options when it comes to ordering old ACT scores. Online You can make an online request for score reports through your ACT web account (which you can create if you don't have one). Note that you must pay by valid credit card. By Mail To order ACT score reports by mail, send a letter of request to ACT, Inc. at the following address: ACT Customer Care- Score Reports PO Box 451 Iowa City, IA 52243-0451 USA Your letter must include all the following information: Your full name Your fullname at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your current mailing address Your home address at the time you registered for or took the ACT (if different) Your ACT ID number Your date of birth Your phone number Test date (month and year) for which you want scores reported (include test location if you tested more than once in the same month) Valid codes and names (with city and state) for the colleges and/or scholarship agencies to which you want to send your scores Be sure to specify whether you want regular or priority reports,and include your payment in the form of check or money order payable to ACT, Inc. By Phone This service is only for priority reports, and you must pay with a valid credit card. There is also an additional $15 fee for each score report request made by phone. To send ACT priority reports via phone, call ACT, Inc. at 319-337-1270. Try to write down all the information listed above so you can everything ready when you call. Can You Compare ACT Scores From Different Years? A specific ACT composite score should roughly reflect the same percentile score and skill level from year to year. For example, a composite score of 35 today should be equivalent to a 35 in 1995. Below is a chart showing ACT percentiles over the past six testing years: Year 99th %ile 75th %ile 50th %ile 25th %ile 1st %ile 2017 34-36 24 20 16 1-11 2016 34-36 24 20 16 1-10 2015 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2014 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2013 33-36 24 20 16 1-11 2012 33-36 24 20 17 1-11 *Note that some scores are estimates if the exact percentile was unavailable. As you can see, the score you need on the ACT in order to get in a certain percentile hasn't changed much in recent years.You still need around a 33-36 to get in the 99th percentile, and around 24 to get in the 75th percentile. There are some fluctuations, but these are all extremely small. What this means is that you can easily compare scores from different testing years without issue. For example, if you took the ACT in 2017 and your older brother took it in 2012, you don't have to do any complicated conversions to compare your scores- you can just look at whatever ACT percentile chart is available and use that as a reference. For more information on old ACT scores and percentiles, check out our guides to scores from 2011 to 2017and scores from 2008 to 2010. You might not be able to compare apples with oranges, but you can compare old ACT scores with current ones. What's Next? For more tips, read this article onsending ACT scores to colleges. Also, learn about ACT college codes and school codes for score reports. Curious about what a good ACT score is? Check out our guide to how to set an ACT goal score. If you're aiming for a top score, you'll definitely want to learn how to score a perfect 36. Finally, take a look at this post to learn who uses ACT scores. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Islamic subject 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islamic subject 1 - Essay Example His views were echoed in many American newspapers which had substantial circulation (Aslan, 2005). After the US attack of September 11, the media was not left behind in spreading this mentality of the clash of monotheisms. Ann Coulter who was a renowned popular columnist wrote articles of hate against the Muslim religion. She proposed that western states should attack Muslim states, assassinate their leaders and convert them into Christian faith. The idea is well manifested by the rhetoric driving the war on terrorism. Most western countries described the scenario as a war between the good and the evils. Christianity was touted as a good religion whereas Islam was referred as the evil one. Evidence that illustrates that this mentality was propagated by the Western powers was the inhumane treatment of Muslim prisoners of war. In Afghanistan, they were made to eat pork and drink beer which is against Muslim religion (Aslan, 2005). I think Reza Aslan’s comparison of clash of monotheisms with protestant reformation in history is not valid. The historical differences between the transformation of Christian and expansion of Muslim are so diverse to be able to compare the two. Also, the western world’s perception of Muslim as an inferior religion is misguided (Aslan,

Take Home Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Take Home Final - Assignment Example Family planning policy in Brazil has undergone revolution in the recent years. It has undergone a series of development over the years. In the last decade, Brazil has experienced low birth rates due to increased access in education, contraception, and family planning. In Brazil, there was interventionism and it led to a drop in total fertility rates. Many of the citizens use artificial birth control as a tool to family planning. The influence from media, movies, soap operas, and television is a tool towards family planning in Brazil. This family planning has reduced fertility rates. In the early 1960s, every household had about six children but after this transition to family planning the number of children have significantly reduced to fewer than two children (Krugman & Wells, 2006). The policy of family planning in Vietnam was developed long ago in the 1960s. The national government advocated the policy of almost two children. The local govern is responsible in executing this policy. For any additional children the district government imposed fines. Women who agreed to be sterilized were given bonuses. The government used strict tools to ensure this policy is met. Individuals who never used contraceptives their names were announced in order to embarrass them. THz government went even a step to deny people who violated the policy their salaries, jobs, and promotions. This policy led to reduction in birthrate in Vietnam (Krugman & Wells, 2006). The total fertility rate dropped from 5.6 to 3.2. This policy is a high interventionism to ensure the two-child policy is met. In a declining trade economy, its effect will be felt on the workers. In developing workers are attracted to manufacturing sectors with high wages and move from the rural to urban (Krugman & Wells, 2006). This will be different in an economy where it has deteriorated and the trade declined thus reduced rural-urban migration. Harris model is an

Healthy Eating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthy Eating - Essay Example As the problem starts at young age it is best to overcome it at that time. The main motivators for obesity in children include junk foods, video games and television; as children's are mostly targets in the media for these advertisements. Parent's role also plays an important part; they are the ones to encourage their children for sports and exercises, and replace the junks with fruits and vegetables. Eating healthy food full of nutrition and vitamins is important in order to stay healthy, but if the problem increases it is best to consult a doctor, dietitian or a nutritionist. Due to the sudden increase in which America's children are becoming obese, it has been stated that "the current generation of American youth might live less healthy and possibly even have shorter lives than their parents (Bernstein)" if nothing is done about the deteriorating health of children. Obesity is one of the leading causes of health problems, which stays present as a person gets older. Obesity used to be an issue in adults, but today, obesity is something that often starts when a person is in their childhood, and their health worsens the older they get. "America must be getting thinner, right Mc Donald's has stopped super-sizing. Coke has launched its 'half the sugar, half the carbs' C2 cola and it seems like every week a new diet book hits the shelves and the best seller list (Dan Crane, 2009). In April 2005 the sesame street recognized the growing crises of childhood obesity in United States and introduced 'healthy habits for life' a segment in their episodes that featured tips on healthy eating and exercise. Health problems that are associated with obesity include diabetes, heart failure, and various kinds of cancer; unfortunately, many of these can lead to an early death. As aforementioned, the media has played a large role in encouraging obesity; due to the in crease in how many children are obese, the media has since turned around, discouraging the gorging of junk food products, urging children to eat better and to spend more time participating in physical activity. Being aware of obesity problems, a partnership was formed in 2005 by the American Heart association by the name of Alliance for a Healthier Generation with the help of U.S president Bill Clinton and the Nickelodeons. The purpose of this alliance was to protect the life threatening consequences of unhealthy lifestyle habits. They reached kids through vigorous public awareness campaigns. Speaking of his media company's role in the partnership, Nickelodeon Network resident Herb Scannell said, "We want kids to become personally invested in living strong, healthy lives. And if we do our jobs right, kids will believe that being healthy is cool". (2005) furthermore television networks designed mainly for children, such as Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel, have taken it upon themse lves to encourage children to live healthier; there are even a few times a year that the networks shut themselves down for a few hours so that children do not feel as obliged to sit around and watch television, but are encouraged to go outside and

The Past and Future of Energy Usage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Past and Future of Energy Usage - Essay Example Two works that have recently been published that attempt to replace this rhetorical sideshow with legitimate information is Vaclav Smil's Energy at the Crossroads and Alfred Crosby's Children of the Sun. Crosby's work offers a natural history of energy consumption from the development of fire and cooking all the way to third millennial technological possibilities such as the holy grail of nuclear fusion. Smil's presents a more detailed analysis of the economic and energy situation of the past century focusing specifically on the statistical utilization of hydrocarbon technologies in various countries. Their respective accounts and arguments give a good overall picture of the natural evolutionary, economic and environmental impact of the past, present and long-term future of energy. The primary thrust of Crosby's argument is that the story of technology in tandem with humanity has always been about finding novel ways of exploiting the same source of energy: the Sun. As humanity has expanded and become more socially and culturally sophisticated technology has responded by finding consistently more efficient ways to harness the sun's powers, indirectly through wood and biomass and in more recent times, directly through wind and solar power utilization. However, unlike other analyses Crosby places humanity within nature versus against nature, and thus his work is a "natural history" of energy consumption rather than a litany of environmental offenses we have committed against nature. Of course, Crosby is sympathetic to the Malthusian end game at stake. He reveals through historical examples that every crossroads or crisis point, humanity has found a way to transform technologically the way in which we utilize energy to avoid the collapse of civilization. One speci fic example of this was the dependence on whale oil in the 18th century. "Humanity's yearnings for the convenience of light at night, though implemented through a primitive technology, were endangering a whole species of Cetacea."1 The two options to resolving this yearning included conservation, unthinkable by all except for the most progressive of individuals, or finding a substitute, which turned out to be kerosene and "the history of human exploitation of sun energy took another violent turn."2 The situation is much the same, today's whale oil is petroleum, with two "minor" complications here in the 21st century 1) the global political and economic dynamic have interposed agendas on technological transformation, and 2) hesitancy in adopting conservationist practices has placed a significant stress on the planets resources locally and globally. The question of Oil is more than just a question of natural history; it has become the bellwether issue of our time. Many would assert that the current situation in the Middle East is directly related to this question, and the political catchphrase of the decade has been "reducing our dependence on foreign oil." Smil's statistical analysis of oil usage is thorough and he means to tackle the popular debate regarding the "Peak Oil" theory. Peak Oil offers that at some point in the near past or near future3 maximum oil production will be reached followed by terminal decline. The consequences of failing to find a viable alternative energy form or

The Beat Within vs. Mother Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Beat Within vs. Mother Jones - Essay Example The Beat Within is a San Francisco literary magazine that started in 1996 and is published by San Francisco’s Pacific News Service. It comes out weekly and includes essays, poems and art done by young people in prison (Sanders 2004). The staff who act as their support group, and who give them workshops, collect writings and artwork from regional areas including halls in Northern California, Arizona, New York, British Columbia and Virginia and publish them. Readership of The Beat Within is primarily composed of the kids who produce them, and each issue would carry a page called â€Å"The Beat Without,† featuring an essay of a former juvenile hall detainee (Martin 2005). The Beat Within started as a four-page newsletter when a mentor named Tupac died and the impact was so great, the children needed something to express their feelings on. The story goes - â€Å"The 1996 death of Tupac Shakur, an iconic rapper and the militant son of a Black Panther, who himself had been in prison, changed everything. His students mourned his death in such a powerful way that Inocencio [co-founder of Beat] felt their work needed to be shared. ‘I had to put it out there,’ he said. ‘It was urgent.’ Just like that, one man's death initiated a lifeline for others. The premiere of the Beat Within was a thin but powerful eulogy for Tupac.†(Sanders 2004). Now, the magazine runs more than a hundred pages to each issue and circulation has expanded to include interest groups especially those on welfare. Autobiographical in nature, the writings and artwork are believed to give the inmates something to start with (Ibid).

Describe in detail one developmental and one degenerative method of Essay

Describe in detail one developmental and one degenerative method of age determination in human skeletal remains. Then Describe i - Essay Example For example, some methods are more relevant to males and some to females. Actually, fforensic biology deals with various methods and techniques used for identification of age and sex of the skeletal remains. On the basis of the modern researches and studies it is evident that currently modern scientists are implementing the most accurate and efficient research methods in their studies. A field of forensic biology is not an exception and both degenerative and developmental methods, as well as their relevant application are considered further on. Part A Developmental method For example, such conditions as arthritis and osteoporosis can be prevalent in old age. Therefore, this type of conditions signifies old age of the remains of the skeleton. The age at death of a skeleton is the key feature in analysis of demographic characteristics of the skeleton. Age of dead individuals can be a key to their life, physical features, health, culture etc. Methods for age determination can depend on environment or a specific region. Widely-known methods, such as those used by Buikstra and Ubelaker’s and other researchers and scientists (1994) are focused on fusion of bone, which is a very important indicator. UK scientists and researchers underline the importance of dentition. Whereas Van der Merwe, Morris, Steyn, Maat underline that a special attention should be paid for fusion and degenerative features. These researchers pay their attention to the efficient and accurate practices and methods of age determination. Researchers and scientists are mainly dependent on microscopic determination of age. Age category determination depends on a certain community and its traditions of age determination. Scheuer and Black (2000) or Brickley and McKinley (2004) and many other modern researchers and scientists were focused on a detailed consideration about developmental osteology which is a very important resource for working and cooperation with infants or juveniles and their skel eton remains. Each skeletal element develops in accordance with its own scenario and each age stage. There are the following appropriate features and characteristics, which can be mentioned: â€Å"The complete fusion of all long-bone epiphyses, the eruption of the third molars, and fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (basilar suture) are all used as markers of adulthood† (Righter, 2002, p. 43). Developmental characteristics and methods are confirmed, because genetics and evolution can be identified in the process of developmental methods implementation. Bones, teeth and other features, which are appropriate for this method, are less sensitive to the environment. Age can be also determined in accordance with the following methods and techniques implemented: â€Å"For example, union of the mandible at the mandibular symphysis occurs between six and nine months, while development of the tympanic ring and its eventual fusion with the temporal bone, closure of the fontan elles, and fusion of the metopic suture all normally occur around two to three years of age† (Van der Merwe, Morris, Steyn, Maat). Therefore, developmental methods are mainly reliable on skeletal parts, which are less sensitive to the environment and many other external factors. Degenerative method From 20s the age of skeleton remains has been identified basing on the degenerative method. There were some changes in the

The Beat Within vs. Mother Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Beat Within vs. Mother Jones - Essay Example The Beat Within is a San Francisco literary magazine that started in 1996 and is published by San Francisco’s Pacific News Service. It comes out weekly and includes essays, poems and art done by young people in prison (Sanders 2004). The staff who act as their support group, and who give them workshops, collect writings and artwork from regional areas including halls in Northern California, Arizona, New York, British Columbia and Virginia and publish them. Readership of The Beat Within is primarily composed of the kids who produce them, and each issue would carry a page called â€Å"The Beat Without,† featuring an essay of a former juvenile hall detainee (Martin 2005). The Beat Within started as a four-page newsletter when a mentor named Tupac died and the impact was so great, the children needed something to express their feelings on. The story goes - â€Å"The 1996 death of Tupac Shakur, an iconic rapper and the militant son of a Black Panther, who himself had been in prison, changed everything. His students mourned his death in such a powerful way that Inocencio [co-founder of Beat] felt their work needed to be shared. ‘I had to put it out there,’ he said. ‘It was urgent.’ Just like that, one man's death initiated a lifeline for others. The premiere of the Beat Within was a thin but powerful eulogy for Tupac.†(Sanders 2004). Now, the magazine runs more than a hundred pages to each issue and circulation has expanded to include interest groups especially those on welfare. Autobiographical in nature, the writings and artwork are believed to give the inmates something to start with (Ibid).

The Evolution Of Macroeconomics in the UK Essay

The Evolution Of Macroeconomics in the UK - Essay Example According to Keynes the demand for the goods in the long run could be altered by the governments. The monetarists however argued otherwise. They criticized the long run and the short run objectives of the Keynesian model because they argued that problems like the inflationary expectations could result. According to the monetarists the Keynesian model was based on a lot of assumptions. They also argues over the rules and the discretion stating that the governments and the banks could make rules but in order to achieve the long run objectives the implementation was compulsory. This discretion was not that likely practically. They argued that discretion was necessary instead of the rules. Say’s law states that ‘the creation of one product immediately opens a vent for other products’. By this, Say wants to imply that the supply makes the demand for itself. This means that he argues that excess supply would result the demand to increase too so that the demand is ‘created’ for the supply. Keynes on the other hand believed that demand did not change all of a sudden. Rather it had to be managed by some practices. He criticized the law stating that the UK economy had been demand deficient during the war. Keynes also stated that if Say’s Law was to be true, then during the war the demand should have been created for the excess supply. On the contrary, what really had happened was that the demand had been deficient during the war. In the circular flow model, if the business sector does not produce anything, then the households do not earn any income. This is where Say’s law is reflected in the model. Keynes critique to this notion was that although the revenue earned by the production in the firms does end up as income for the households, this may not happen instantaneously. Households are likely to spend as much income as they have. In the 1940s the main change that had occurred in Britain was the switch to a market economy. The economy

Current Strategic Objectives And Aims Of Tesco Commerce Essay

Current Strategic Objectives And Aims Of Tesco Commerce Essay To provide all our customer with excellent value and choose- Benefit of e-purchasing is let the customers can shift through a great amount of produces information very quickly, and evaluate between different offers before they make the choice. Particularly on Tesco website, the produces with detail explanation plus picture, and almost all the produces can buy on the internet as in store. That can give as much as information out before customers makes the selection. And, because of less costs on e-selling, the customers can get improved price of the produce. winning at selling non-food products (books, DVDs, CDs) Book and music are perfect for home shopping, because customers can read a little reassess, see the cover, the price then make a option. Tesco also try to e-selling the download music. And about the Tesco services, like insurances and broadband, there is improvement to have a website which can show the state of the services and can register online. This will gain more customers and lead successful selling of books ,DVDs ,cds etc. Non-food producers and services. Consumers standard of living change, meet their need by supply new product and services nowadays, living styles have changed, e-shopping attracting a part of our lives. Many consumers like better to do e-shopping at home rather than really go shopping. To respond this big change, Tesco have own website to doing e-selling. Also Tesco have selling new merchandise and services to join selling. For example Tesco have broadband services and they sell computer and internet goods on line or in store. http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Tescos-Aims Objective /173539?topic 1.2 evaluation of the component parts of a strategic plan of Tesco The main components parts of a strategic plan can be described as Mission Objectives Situation analysis Strategy making Implementation Control http://www.netmba.com/strategy/process/ Mission Mission statement shows the companys main priorities. Tescos mission statement Is to retain loyal customers, this depicts the world that Tesco hope to make sure that the clients they have come back to them and dont go to their competitors. The reason that Tesco has a mission statement is so that their shareholders and clients know where the Business is going. (Spulber, 2007) For Tesco to gain this they must set themselves Objectives. Tesco objectives are to keep their customers happy this is because if they do this then this Will mean that the customers of Tesco will be happy at Tesco so will stay with them and not go to the competitors of Tesco therefore Tesco is retaining loyalty from its customers. For Tesco to achieve its aims it must set itself small objectives. (Simms, 2007) Objective Tesco aim is to retain loyal customers to do this Tesco has to set themselves objectives these are small targets that help Tesco to achieve their big aim. Tescos objectives are to keep clients happy, to gain big profit margins, to motivate employees, expand abroad, and sustain financial issues to be friendly towards the environment http://coursework-writing.co.uk/data/6.en/39/business_coursework_1.pdf Situation analysis Once an organisation determined its objectives it begins its strategic plan to achieve those objectives and so do Tesco which is very clear in its objectives and take an extra care to make these objectives achievable and for this purpose the main thing is the environmental scan of the organization whether it is internal or external and Tesco is very well awarded .there are two aspects of the external environment one is the macro and the second is micro anaylysis.macro analysis is the pest analysis of the company which tell us what is going on externally outside through the organisation which includes politically,economically,technologically and socially while in micro analysis we have frame work of porters five forces which tell us internal position of the organisation such as key staff, company culture, operational capcity,brand capacity ,financial resources, exclusive contracts etc.by doing situational analysis we gather information is not very helpful most of the times to make str ategy plan but we categorise it as into two factors one is the internal which we take as the Tesco strength and weakness and the other is the external which we take as threats and weakness and hence we have able to manage the information to formulate it into strategy and such analysis is often referred as the swot analysis of the organisation. (http://www.netmba.com/strategy/process/ ) Strategy making of Tesco Tesco have continued to make strong progress with all four parts of their strategy a strong UK core business, non-food, retailing services and worldwide by keeping our centre on trying to recover what we do for customers the four main and important parts of Tesco strategy making are mentioned below. make their shopping journey as easy as possible continuously looking for to reduce our prices to help them spend less contributing the expediency of either big or small stores introducing simplicity and value to complex markets http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/business/strategy/activity/strategic1.htm Implementation process of strategy of Tesco To make any strategy into effectiveness and to be more fruitful implementation is a vital ingredient and without effective implementation process no strategy could be successful and fruitful. So Tesco know this fact and keep it mind whenever its time to implement or introduce new strategy and the four key points to keep in mind during the implementation process are described below advertising of products Procurement manufacture Human resource Information technology The whole process of implementation requires resources and putting all things into important organisational change. Control Tesco Accepting that danger is an intrinsic part of doing business, our risk management systems are planned both to support entrepreneurial spirit and also provide guarantee that risk is fully understood and managed. The Board has overall liability for risk management and internal control within the situation of achieving the Groups objectives. Executive management is accountable for implementing and maintaining the essential control systems. The job of Internal Audit is to check the overall internal control systems and report on their usefulness to Executive management, as well as to the Audit Committee, in order to ease its review of the systems. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/ir/corpgorv/riskmanagement/ ) 1.3 The factors affecting the strategic plan of Tesco There are lot of factors which effect the strategic planning and they can be internal or external but their influence is so great which cannot be ignored such as competitors, social or economic ,or some internal factors etc. I would like to discuss few in order to give general idea to demonstrate how the influence the strategies of Tesco. Competitors To use this structure on Tesco shows that the corporation in order to be flourishing has to support its business plan on these capabilities. Capabilities result from Tescos capacity to unite and use these resources in exclusively diverse ways. In the external surroundings, the strength of rivalry is not completely under the retailers control, however, to compete efficiently Tesco have to recognize its hub competences and use them for organisation benefit. Social and economic elements Prevailing patterns show that British clients have stirred towards one-stop and mass shopping, which is due to a diversity of communal changes. Tesco have, therefore, amplified the amount of non-food items obtainable for sale. The type of merchandise and services demand by clients is a role of their social training and their resulting attitudes and philosophy. clients are becoming more and more awake of health issues, and their attitudes towards food are continuously changing. One example of Tesco adapting its creation mix is to hold an improved require for organic products. The corporation was also the first to allow clients to pay in cheques and cash at the checkout. Technological Technology is a main macro-environmental changeable which has impacted the growth of many of the Tesco goods. The new technologies profit both clients and the corporation: client contentment rise because commodities are readily available, services can become more personalised and shopping more suitable. The start of the competent Consumer Response (ECR) idea provided the shift that is now evident in the management of food supply chains (Datamonitor Report, 2003. (Desjardins D. (2005) Tesco strategies turn up competitive heat in UK, DSN Retailing Today, 2/28/2005, Vol. 44 Issue 4, pp.4-6;) These above are few elements which can influence the policy making plan and we could discuss more under pestle analysis of Tesco and through other strategies to ellaborate further. 2.1 Tesco strategic analysis tools to audit progress towards strategic aims and objectives To identify the various tools to audit towards the strategic aims and objectives of Tesco i would like to do swot analysis of Tesco to make it understand it more in depth. in the Great Britan this year. Tesco has progressed its non-food department to the level that its Revenues now total 23% of total group profit. Tescos global business section is increasing more and more, and is speculated to contribute almost quarter of group income over the next five years. If geological enlargement continues to grow, this will make sure Tescos continues local strength.Insurance In fiscal 2003 Tesco Personal Finance mounted the milestone of one million vehicle insurance policies, making it the most rising motor insurance supplier ever. The groups instant travel insurance allows Club card holders to buy their holiday insurance expediently at the checkout. Pet insurance now has over 330,000 cats and dogs covered, while the life insurance policy followed on from the achievement of last year, when it was selected The Most spirited Life Insurance Provider in the Money Facts Awards 2003. Swot analysis The main elements of swot analysis of Tesco are given below which can be further discussed in details but i would like to just highlight them for understanding. Strengths Weaknesses growing market share Insurance Tesco online Brand value UK market leadership reinforced Reliance upon the UK market Debt reduction Signs point to serial acquisitions Opportunities Threats Non-food retail Health and beauty Further international growth UK structural change could spark a price war Overseas returns could fall Wal-Mart/Asda challenge International expansion Tescos global business section is rising progressively, and is predicted to add nearly a quarter of group income over the next five years. If ecological spread continues to grow, this will ensure Tescos continued local strength. Assurance. http://people.exeter.ac.uk/wl203/BEAM011/Materials/Lecture%204/TESCO%20Company%20Profile 2.2 The expectations of major stakeholders and their influence upon the organisational strategy of Tesco We are dedicated to having a constructive conversation with stakeholders to make sure we understand what is significant to them and let ourselves the opportunity to show our position. Appointment helps us recognize new hazards and opportunities to make sure that our long-term policy is sustainable. In some cases we find that working with stakeholders in joint venture can help bring shared objectives. We might not be able to convince all stakeholder apprehensions all the time but through assurance we can do our best to poise hostile demands. We know that customers require to be able to belief our trade and they will only hope us if they consider that we are connecting on a appropriate foundation with our stakeholders. Our programme of contribution with stakeholders including customers, staff, supplier, investors, administration, regulator, non-governmental organisations and others. An investor Relations report is formed for the Board frequently. This report summarises reaction from shareholders mostly in terms of our management and policy, and ensures the Board has a impartial perspective on the views of our major shareholders. It is normal that institutional shareholders may be in more standard contact with the Group than previous shareholders, but care is exercised to guarantee that any price-sensitive information is free to all shareholders, institutional and private, at the same time in accord with suitable official and authoritarian requirements. All main presentations to institutional shareholders are made available to private shareholders through this website. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/ir/corpgorv/relations/ ) 2.3 structured evaluation of Tesco strategic position To understand the structured evaluation of Tesco strategic position we have to do pestle analysis of Tesco. Pestle analysis of Tesco PESTLE mean for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and ecological elements.   example of each are: Political tax policies, employment boundaries, tariffs Economic financial growth, interest rates, price increases Sociological society, physical condition awareness, age distribution Technological environmental aspects, investigate and development, rate of technical change Legal physical condition and safety laws, customer laws and rules  Ã‚   Environmental recycling policies, contamination Whilst one of TESCOs competitive advantages at current relates to their irresistible physical attendance, there are concern about TESCO pouring out the huge effort from other seller.   There are policies as well as laws and system leading monopolies and rivalry which would be recognized though a PESTLE study.   This is potentially one of the major issues that TESCOs are faced with.   defending customers and guarantee that entrepreneurs have the vision to resist in the market financial system are important within customer law.   Due to the present state of the financial system, many little businesses are weakening and many incompetent to enter the market.   A PESTLE investigation helps to measure where place prudent there is a need for growth.   The circumstances is in no way being assisted by the ever growing TESCOs chains of store.   Under EU law, there is hypothesis that an establishment with a large market share is chief.   The concerns with this are that dominance of supplies and services will slip and there is a risk of paying higher prices.   TESCO to date has not been assessed as posturing a risk of growth but should bear this in mind.   This is the reason why regular or incessant scans making use of the PESTLE examination will lead to continual assessments which can guarantee that TESCOs supremacy is not in any way scheming. In totalling, planning consent is an issue that TESCO critically need to be aware of due to their continued growth.   Planning acquiescence is heavily synchronized in the UK.   A systematic PESTLE analysis would help to recognize the appropriate laws on planning agreement and whether any confrontation to planning was on lawful basis or purely local peoples disagree.   The PESTLE study would therefore originally measure the potential achievement of a store in a new area. With the financial system being as it is at current, TESCO are providential that they have not been as badly pretentious as some retailer by the slump.   TESCO have labelled themselves as selling to everyone and therefore offer a range of goods and services from Value to premium prices thus tempting to all segments of the marketplace. The Sociological feature of the PESTLE analysis involves consideration such as the boost in migration of Eastern Europeans or raise in young professionals.   obviously there is therefore a demand for new goods for example; the career minded expert who is a single person.   This has seen a mount in the meals for one or fast microwaveable meals to make cooking rapid and easy for those always on the go. Technological factors which have possibly had the most contact on TESCO has been the expansion in the use of the internet.   They have capitalised on the use of online shopping and afford a delivery service through their website at www.tesco.com. A PESTLE analysis is therefore very important to the expansion and the achievement of TESCOs in adding to the day to day running of each store in line with strategic decisions.   Without knowing what external factors weight the organisation, it is hard to administer the business in an efficient way. http://www.modelanswer.co.uk/business/help/pestle/tescos.php 3.1 alternative strategic options to meet strategic aims and objectives of Tesco The strategic aims and objectives of Tesco we should consider: Provision of service how do they aim to provide client fulfilment? Is it to do with quality guarantee? Provision at or above cost? The provision of goods/services? Breaking-even. turnover maximisation how does each retail business try to accomplish this? Do they aim to cut costs, use reserved profits, maximise prices etc? expansion do they aim to increase their marketplace share? Enter new markets? expand? Increase the size of the business by expansion or through joining or takeover? Business ethics there are a number of examples where businesses have been accused of miss using their workers at home and/or abroad. For example, Primark, Tesco and Asda received some bad publicity with regard to those working in the fabric industry in suppliers nations in 2006; Dell Computers faced similar blames in Brazil. Think about the morals in relation to suppliers do they use Fair Trade suppliers, for example? You might consider health and safety and the security of employees and clients. industry ethics might also relate to the dependability of products and services, the protection of premises and any legal duties. http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/business/strategy/activity/principles1.htm 3.2 The strategic option that meets the revised strategic position of Tesco The Tesco plan up to this time was encapsulated by the title of Cohens autobiography, Pile it high and sell it cheap, but the rising wealth of clients and the changing requirements meant that Tesco changed its approach and moved into opening out of town stores with more striking interiors. Such renovation was also carried out in the active stores and with the start of selling petrol at some of its stores it broke the  £1 billion revenue level in 1979. The 1980s saw a continuation in the enlargement of new stores and also the development of new initiatives. In 1985, Tesco announced its Healthy Eating options with nutritional information and advice on some of its own labelled foods. By the 1990s, the move to go past the other major supermarkets was well under way. The stress was on finding new ways of pleasing shopper needs and building customer loyalty. A variety of new services and amenities were introduced, including Tesco Metro, a store idea aimed at the high street buyer but offering the benefits of a large supermarket. In some respects, this was Tesco returning to the high street after selling off many stores in the 1960s and 70s in the move to join the out-of-town shopping trend. Conclusion In this assignment i have tried to discuss tesco direction as an organisation in strategy making and what tools and strategies it uses to make its plans and how are the plans being implemented and who are the responsible people behind those plans to make them successful and fruitful for the organisation and it also give me understanding how to set the organisation direction and what are the key factors to keep in mind to make successful strategies for the organisation.