Employment Equity And Its Effect On Income Inequality

INTRODUCTION In 1986, the Canadian Government created Employment Equity Act, which requires federal employers with hundred and more employees, specifically in the banking, transportation and communication industries, to report to the government annually on whether and to what extend have they promoted and attained the employment Equity’s goals for designate groups under the act, namely white women, aboriginal people, visible minority and disable person (Barker 2008). The Treasury Board of Canada, in the same year, released a policy framework for public service departments and agencies to identify/remove systemic barriers in their departments to increase the participation of designated groups; adopt special measure to address imbalances in the Canadian workforce; and, to meet the numerical objective of Employment Equity Policy to increase the representation and dissemination of the four mentioned groups (Barker 2008). The thesis of this paper is to prove that employment equity is fair and n ecessary to diminish income inequality. To do so, the paper first reviews the available literatures and schools of thought. Then, the paper focuses more on addressing the thesis and providing evidences to support the argument. The paper ends with a short conclusion. The paper utilized Canadian laws, court cases, academic books and journal articles to state the arguments and support evidences. Is Employment Equity Fair and Necessary? Many public servants and their unions haveShow MoreRelated Income Distribution and Economic Growth in LDCs Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIncome Distribution and Economic Growth in LDCs INTRODUCTION In recent years, one of the major concerns of economic development is the study of poverty, the income distribution and growth in the less developed countries (LDC’s) or Third World countries. Economists from all over the world have been doing researches and studies on how to induce a growth in those underdeveloped countries. However, countries differentiate in historical backgrounds, cultural believes and natural resources.Read MoreHuman Rights And Social Equity757 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Rights and Social Equity Thesis and Motive Human rights are vital to achieving and sustaining development, and while world leaders acknowledged the links between human rights and development, the MDGs did not reflect this as inequities faced by populations were not considered (UN Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [OHCHR], 2015). For example, while some countries were able to achieve the MDGs, in many countries, particularly poor ones, individuals remain in extremeRead MoreSources Of Economic Growth And Social Justice Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Growth and Social-Justice Egyptian per-capita income has been significantly improved in the second half of the first decade of 21st century, as it recorded, in average, $1984 (standard deviation $167), compared to $1312 (standard deviation $597), in average, during the first half of the decade. Figure (1) illustrates the development of per-capita income through the first decade of 21th century and it shows that per-capita income growth rates were, in most, negative during the first halfRead MoreIncome Redistribution And Its Key Pros1460 Words   |  6 PagesIncome Redistribution Income redistribution refers to the concept of transferring income from the wealthy individuals to the less wealthy individuals through social mechanisms such as monetary policies, charity, welfare, land reforms, and taxation among others. Income redistribution affects the entire economy rather than selected groups of individuals. The concept of income redistribution emanates from the existence of income inequalities within an economy. Income inequality depicts a gap betweenRead MoreEffects Of Income Inequality1038 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy, culture, or religion, the society always care about this growing issue. Inequalities are shown in diverse ways by people’s position in the distribution of wealth or income but could also be related to other characteristics like having a disability, different ethnicity or background or gender. In the 2005 World Development Report elaborated by the World Bank, it is stated: â€Å"We now have considerable evidence that equity is also instrumental to the pursuit of long-term prosperity in aggregate termsRead MoreGlobalization and Human Welfare1656 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence on income distribution, since wages are smaller for labour intensive goods and in low wage countries this has a major influence on the wages on high income countries when products are exported from low wage countries to high wage countries. But Paul Krugman states that this relationship cannot be quantified. When we look into the current global scenario income inequality through free trade has made impact on American middle class, where there has been a rise in unemployment and inequality. ButRead MoreCurrent State Of The U.s. Economy1342 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent State of the U.S. Economy A nation’s economy plays a vital role in how a nation operates. The United States economy faces a large variety of problems in this paper; we will focus on 4 major economic problems, unemployment, inequality, federal debt, and the financial/credit market. All four issues are interconnected in some way with deep social and economic implications. These issues were emphasized during the Great Recession that hit the U.S. economy in 2007.In the following paper, we willRead MoreNon Regular Workers : A Growing Reliance On Irregular Workers1381 Words   |  6 Pagesexperienced an increase in inequality among workers and contributed to a two-tier labor market. Regular workers employed in the public sector or large firms have traditionally been seen to be provided lifetime employments, protection against dismissals, severance pays and given access to a wide range of social insurance programs. In recent years, large firms have increased reliance on employing temporary contract workers in order to avoid the rigidity of regular employment. Irregular workers only earnRead MoreDomestic Inequalities in The USA and Denmark Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy approaches to addressing domestic inequality. Compare and contrast two different countries and evaluate the effectiveness of their key policy measures in addressing inequality. It is a commonly accepted that inequality is increasing throughout the globe, with startling statistics such as the recent Oxfam report indicating that the richest 85 people in the world own more wealth than the poorest 3.5 billion people(Oxfam Australia Media, 2014). Inequality is thought of as disparities or gaps, suchRead MoreIs Diversity Is The Great Issue Of Our Time ( Macdeo, 2000, P.1 ) Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages(Macdeo, 2000, p.1).† The U.S. is one the most diverse countries in the world. One side diversity is an asset for any country and on the other side, it is a challenge to convert diversity into a demographic advantage. As like India, the U.S. also has inequalities and exclusion on racial and ethnic identities. Though, by law discrimination based on racial or ethnic identities is prohibited in the Constitution. Despite the legal mandate, racism is evident in the society; racism has been a part of the society

Personal Narrative Something You ll Always Forget

Logan Fox Lora Meredith English 1020 October 12, 2014 Anesthesiology: Something you’ll always forget â€Å"Count down from ten, and soon you’ll be asleep. We’ll wake you up when the operation is over,† a common phrase from any anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology is a very big field in the world of medicine, and few know about it. From pain management, to full surgical procedures, looking back at anesthesia has shown many advancements in the medical field. Over the years, anesthetics have made some vast improvements. It is essential to know what an anesthesiologist is, the history of anesthetics, and how to become one. This is in part to understand how an anesthesiologist impacts the medical field and why one may want to become one. First of†¦show more content†¦Noted by Sonia Szlyk in her YouTube video, a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) â€Å"with the multiple residency and fellowship training in America and abroad, anesthesiology has been able to make great advancements in its own field because technological advancements throughout the ent ire field of medicine† (Szlyk). These advancements have been made throughout hundreds of years, all throughout the globe. James E. Caldwell, a notable author and anesthesiologist in New York, wrote in his book that â€Å"anesthesiology used to be completely herbal and non-narcotic. Nerve blocks were first used hundreds of years ago with natural properties† (Caldwell 74). If this knowledge was never known, the advancements in the medical realm and field of anesthetics would have never been made. Secondly, knowing the path to become an anesthesiologist is also a valuable piece of knowledge to understand when going over the recent advancements in anesthetics. Starting out is fairly pretty common knowledge for most people. However, it gets a little more complicated following the achievement of an Associates and Bachelor’s degree. As stated by About.com, anesthesiologists go to school for approximately 12 to 13 years, depending on the various types of residency progra ms and fellowship training that are available across the nation. After graduating high school, Karen Farnen, a journalist with emphasis in medicine, suggests going to a four-year undergraduate school to get a

Type 2 Diabetes An Issue Of My Community Essay - 1557 Words

Type 2 Diabetes: An issue of my community Report on a biological issue: In this report I will be explaining why type 2 diabetes is an issue in our community and the biological reasoning behind it. Also I have refined my own research question which is â€Å"Does the Thrifty Gene theory really provide sufficient evidence that it’s the main reason why Maori and Pacific Islanders tend to have higher rates of type 2 diabetes?† and have found two well researched perspectives about it and then will take my own position about my question. Type 2 Diabetes is when the cells in your body doesn’t recognise the insulin that is present, or that the body doesn’t produce enough insulin to control the glucose (sugar) in the blood stream. So what happens is that the food consumed by people with type 2 diabetes gets broken down into glucose which then enters the bloodstream. Then the gastric hormones promote insulin secretion in response to glucose but then this is where the dilemma is for people with type 2 diabetes because the pancreas does produce the insulin needed but their body is resistant to it’s effects which is called insulin resistance. When the cells don’t recognise or allow the insulin to enter the cell the excess glucose gets absorbed by the cell lining in the blood vessels and become leaky and can become potentially blocked. This can cause the damage of small blood vessels and other major diseases such as eye, kidney failure and heart disease. So this is why people with type 2Show More RelatedThe Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesMain question: Why do Maori/Pacific islanders, have a greater chance of getting diabetes than all other cultures in New Zealand? -Maori and PI communities are 3 times more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than other New Zealanders? I believe this is linked to the high obesity and heart disease rates in our communities. Other questions†¦ 2: Why is type 2 diabetes an issue in our community? -this is an issue as it gives your town a bad rep, affects families as they will have to pay yourRead MoreType Two Diabetes Epidemic An Issue For The Pacifica Community1657 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes Why is having type two diabetes epidemic an issue for the pacifica community? Type two diabetes is a huge problem in the pacifica institution, as early studies have shown that while diabetes was virtually non-existent in populations aboriginal to the Pacific, maintaining a traditional lifestyle, this position was true for the metropolitan pacific population. Statistics show that over time type two diabetes prevalence has rapidly increased indigenously over time within the pacificaRead MoreA Brief Note On Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity1493 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction My Report is about, Type 2 Diabetes. I’ll be giving a short summary about what is type 2 diabetes and i will be giving others perspective and also my own. Im going to tell you the symptoms of type 2 diabetes .I’m going to show the three resources that I used. My main research question I’m doing is what is the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity? Also I’m researching on 2 other questions, what is the biology (science) behind Type-2 diabetes? And why is Type-2 diabetes an issue in ourRead MoreHow Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled And How Has It Changed Over The Past Years?1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with diabetes the health.govt.nz states. Diabetes is one of the many causes of death in New Zealand.The body has difficulties with trying to use and produce Insulin which is mainly the reason behind type 2 diabetics. There are 5 types of Insulin such as rapid-acting Insulin, short-acting Insulin, Intermediate-acting Insulin, long-acti ng Insulin and premixed Insulin. Insulin is one of the key things that help prevent the disease type 2 diabetes. So, is Insulin bad or good? Why is type 2 diabetesRead MoreA Short Note On Type 2 Diabetes Report1290 Words   |  6 PagesL1 HSC: Type 2 Diabetes Report Does the ‘Thrifty Gene cause weight gain which subsequently leads to Type-2 Diabetes? Type-2 Diabetes is a serious issue for our community. Type-2 diabetes is a disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent and affects growing numbers of people. In New Zealand there are 240,000 people with diabetes and it is thought that there may be as many as 100,000 individuals with undiagnosed diabetes. It puts an estimated one on five New Zealanders at risk and is the sixthRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesReport - Diabetes Type 2 : Report Type-2 diabetes is a long term endurance disorder, when your cells have become insulin resistant or your body doesn’t produce enough insulin to keep you healthy. Type-2 diabetes is a major issue in New Zealand, since diabetes is our biggest and quickest developing health issue we confront in New Zealand, and covers  ¼ of the population in New Zealand. In this report, I will be explaining the information I have found and affirm the questions, â€Å"Why is Type-2 diabetes a problemRead MoreThe Link Between Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesMy Research Question Is: What is the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Additional Questions to be Answered: 1. Why is Type 2 Diabetes an issue in our Community 2. What is the biology (science) behind Type 2 Diabetes First let’s establish what diabetes is. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses Glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. The body takes in and breaks down foods into glucose and others sugars that are needed to fuel the body functions. The Glucose level inRead MoreHow Diet And A Healthy Diet Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages11EV Type 2 Diabetes - An issue for our community My report is about: How can exercise and a healthy diet help in the management of Type-2 Diabetes? In New Zealand, Type-2 Diabetes is a growing issue. For many years now, it has been a severe problem and is only getting worse. According to NZ Ministry of Health Survey, the obesity rates are climbing in NZ, and as obesity is directly linked with Type 2 Diabetes.There are incredible numbers of people in NZ being diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes all theRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus(DM) is one of the diseases affecting vast population in the nation. This disease had been a problem since awhile and the populations affected are unimaginably high. Before I proceed, I would give an overview of the disease. DM happens as a result of the body’s inability to produce insulin called for by the system or unable to corporate properly to insulin. Indeed, if the insulin becomes incapacitated with regard to its physiological roles, the blood glucose will geometrically increaseRead MoreA Study On The State Of The United States1032 Words    |  5 Pagesphysical exercise has led to a substantial increase in diabetes, making it the number seventh leading cause of death (American Diabetes Association, 2014, p. Diabetes Basics). Diabetes also called diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood (Google, What is Diabetes). There is three type of diabetes, Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 1 is mostly seen in juvenile, where they become insulin

A Report On The Marketing Movement Of The Women s...

Chip Wilson had a passion for technical athletic fabrics and after taking his first yoga class in Vancouver, British Columbia he found a problem. The cotton clothing that was used for yoga was completely inappropriate and too sweaty for him. In 1998 he opened up a design studio for yoga clothing that also served as a yoga studio at night. He asked the yoga instructors to wear his apparel and in return he received positive feedback. In November of 2000, Wilson opened up lululemon’s first real store, called Kitsilano. Wilson had a vision that this store would be a community hub where people could talk about all aspects of healthy living. Wilson saw his brand as a way to fill the void in the women’s athletic market. Lululemon’s mission statement is providing people with the components to live a longer, healthier, and more fun life. More stores expanded in the Vancouver area and in 2002 even expanded into the United States. By 2005, the company had 14 company-owned s tores and one franchised store. By 2007, the company’s owners elected to take the company public. Lululemon proved to be a growing company. Chip Wilson stepped down from his executive position as lululemon’s Chief innovation and branding officer executive on January 29, 2012. Since Lululemon was started in Vancouver, British Columbia, the European Union has many political influences on their economy. The UK government can influence trade and encourage sales of British goods abroad. This directly affects the salesShow MoreRelatedThe Global Fitness And Athletic Clothing Stores1637 Words   |  7 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The global fitness and athletic clothing stores industry generates more than 1.9 billion US dollars per annum (IBISWorld, 2015). Lululemon Athletica provides high quality apparel for the ever-growing global health conscious population (WHO | World Health Statistics 2015, 2016). A SWOT analysis (Appendix 1) illustrates potential and weakness of this hugely successful brand. Furthermore, environmental factors can play a role in the company s operations. Macro Environmental FactorsRead MoreNikes Athletic Footwear Products1659 Words   |  7 PagesNike was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. It is the world’s largest supplier of athletic apparel and sports equipment, worth over 105 billion dollars. Nike sells its products to retail accounts, through Nike-owned retail stores and Internet Websites through a mix of independent distributors and licensees throughout the world. Independent contractors manufacture all of Nike’s products; including all of its footwear and apparel products, which are produced outside the UnitedRead MoreThe Strategic Differences Between Under Armour and Lululemon4238 Words   |  17 PagesExecutive Summary Athletic apparel has come a long way from the era of pairing a dowdy gray cotton sweatsuit with tennis shoes. Now, athletic apparel promise to hug the body with materials that insulate the wearer from cold weather, while wicking away sweat to boost performance. Running shoes can be synced with computers to measure performance. Other advances in sports apparel include tagless T-shirts and fabrics that manage odors. Technological advancements allow manufacturers to maintain or increaseRead MoreCompany Overview In 1996, Under Armour,Inc. (UA) was founded by Kevin Plank as a former University1200 Words   |  5 Pagesto use in different seasons for men, women, and youth such as HeatGear that is designed to be worn in high temperatures, ColdGear, which is designed to be wore when the body circulate body heat from hotspot to the normal body temperatures, and AllSeasonGear, which is designed for wearing in changing temperatures (Under Aumour, â€Å"About Under Armour† n.d.). Under Armour develops, markets, distributes its apparels, footwear, and accessories for using in the athletics in various continents such as NorthRead MoreSurge Of Identity Through The Tobacco Industry Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesSurge of identity through the tobacco industry The 1960’s is infamous for its sense of freedom: the age of the hippies, bell bottoms, long free hair, rock n’ roll and love. Though, what people do not bluntly address is the lack of representation among the African American society. Fear harnessed the 1960’s with the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and the assassinations of both John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King. In a way for the people to cope with the fear and anger of what was going on, peopleRead MorePhilip Knight Nike1849 Words   |  8 PagesPhilip Knight is the chairman, CEO, and co-founder of Nike and he currently owns more than 90% of the firm. The company is internationally known for its trademark swoosh and its leadership in the athletic apparel industry. Philip H. Knight s involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1 959, and was an MBA student at StanfordRead MorePhilip Knight of Nike Essay1795 Words   |  8 PagesPhilip Knight is the chairman, CEO, and co-founder of Nike and he currently owns more than 90% of the firm. The company is internationally known for its trademark swoosh and its leadership in the athletic apparel industry. Philip H. Knights involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1959, and was an MBA student at StanfordRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Nike Inc12147 Words   |  49 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Executive SummaryÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…p.4 HistoryÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.6 Profile of CEOÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.7 Competitor s ProfileÂ…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.7 Industry ProfileÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.8 Company AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…p.9 Industry AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…......p.24 Top Competitor AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.25 Other External ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Read MoreNike Strategy Analysis12215 Words   |  49 PagesPosition Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.30 7. Industry Attractiveness Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.31 8. Business Strength/Competitive Position Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.32 9. Grand Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p.34 10. Marketing Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.35 11. Production Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.36 12. Research and Development Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.37 13. Human Resources Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Marketing Strategy1543 Words   |  7 PagesNike’s first brand was solely focused on footwear. Over the years, Nike has added more product lines for this category by offering running shoes, tennis shoes, and shoes for a variety of other sports, including cricket (http://panmore.com/nike-inc-marketing-mix-4ps-product-place-promotion-price-analysis). Also, the company steadily diversified its products by providing a variety of apparel such as watches, gloves, eyewear/glasses, skates, sport balls and gym bags and sports equipment as basketball,

In Every Cloud there is a Silver Lining Free Essays

There I was weeping tirelessly for hours on end, almost creating a miniature pond on the ground. My months of preparations had gone to waste. All my plans and decisions I had hoped to undertake ruined. We will write a custom essay sample on In Every Cloud there is a Silver Lining or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had planned out my great voyage to the head chief for months. Each and every step I was to take was already decided. But according to my tradition I had to get permission from my mother before leaving. Then it all happened without even listening to all I had to say I heard ‘NO’. A word I feel no man can define and a word that should never exist in anyone’s dictionary. There I was foolishly weeping when my motive was to show how much better our lives would be without these traditions yet following them my self. I was to do what I believe was my destiny. I was to do what I believed god created me to do. 1000’s of 1000’s of years of tradition had been followed in my community. Tradition that I believed was pointless, insensitive, meaningless and inappropriate to follow. Without anyone’s consent again I set out to break and change these traditions for our betterment. I packed my bags and headed straight for Chief Souza, the man who is believed to be our god. The man with endless power at his fingertips, what he said happened and he was the only man who could fulfill my destiny. Getting to his home was the least of my worries. I simply had to walk for a short 2 1/2 hours down the sandy graveled road leading straight to his village and his home. I set off without any delays and a short while later I found my self and the grand gate and luxurious village of Chief Souza. My body pushing itself towards the door and with one final deep gulp of air and pushed open the doors. Then I realized I had already achieved a lot and am much closer to achieving my ‘destiny’. Without wasting any time in greetings and worthless talk on my health and family with the Chief I got straight down to the point. I shared a piece of my mind with the Chief not leaving any detail or feeling behind. I never feared his immense power and now in front of him certainly I would not. Step by step telling Chief Souza exactly what my motive is and the reason behind my decision to fight against my tradition. Finally completing my argument against our tradition I looked eye to eye with the Chief. He stared at me as if I had gone crazy and just then I realized what a mess I had got myself into. I realized what a dim-witted person I was to barge into the most superior man’s house in the entire community and blast him about how shallow our tradition is. But then again I believed it was my destiny and this is the backbone in my life. This is why I lived. Then something struck me, something hard and heavy and within seconds I dropped to the ground like a stick. Upon awakening I found a rope around my neck and a sack over my head. Despite not being able to see anything I knew the Chief had found my words as an insult to his community and ordered for me to be hung. It hurt really badly as I never even had the chance to question my community on what they found wrong with my words. What was wrong if I had my own opinion about the community and our tradition? It was too late I felt the plank beneath my feet, currently keeping me up, being pulled till I had nothing to balance on. My life had come to an end but my soul would not rest until I accomplished my goal. My mother cried and cried endless for days, wondering ‘Where had I gone wrong in education my son? Why, why, why did he not listen to me? ‘ Everyday each member of the community considers ‘What did he say wrong? He shared his feelings something no one has the courage to do. ‘ Each member of the community started looking at life from a different perspective a perspective in which they can live their lives how they wanted to and not by what their tradition, our tradition, my tradition said. My community members finally realized what I was trying to project. Within a couple of days, I gained my biggest victory our tradition was altered and every member of our community was free to live life their way! Then it became clear to me, if I had not sacrificed my life for the betterment of my community the changes done to our tradition now would never have happened. So even in a dark cloud like the death of a community member came, there really is a silver lining in it. Now my soul will rest in peace! How to cite In Every Cloud there is a Silver Lining, Papers

Buyer and Consumer Behaviour for Theories - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBuyer and Consumer Behaviour for Theories. Answer: Introduction: This report discusses the various marketing aspects taking the example of the company mars inc. producing chocolate bars. It is discusses details of the consumer behaviour regarding the buying of chocolate. It studies the theories of learning to understand the mind of the customers. This report addresses brand performance, mental availability and also studies in detail the various factors like demographic segmentation on the basis of age gender and household income. The brand performance is also measured taking into consideration factors like market share, penetration etc. The category entry point of snickers is also suggested in this report. Section-1: Understanding Buyer Behaviour 1. A discussion on Cognitivism or Behaviourism theories Cognitivism theory: Cognitivism is a study of psychology often conducted for studying the consumer behaviour in marketing. Cognitivism studies the process which draws the attention of a person rather a consumer. The various process of that are involved in drawing attention involves the method of perception, the way an incidence remains in the memory of the consumer, the learning process of the consumers and the method used for solving problem (Wenger, 2009). These factors together decide the impact of the stimulus in drawing attention of the consumer. This theory propagates that the information processing system of people are very technical in nature. There are certain rules that are followed by the mind of the people in generating cognition of the product. The minds of the people are considered to be processor of information. The concept underlying Cognitivism is the process that helps to gain knowledge (Jonassen and Land 2012). There are further divisions in the cognitive theory th at is the social cognitive theory and the cognitive behavioural theory. Behaviourism theory: The behaviourism is in contrast with the Cognitivism theory. Behaviour lists studies the behaviour of the people that is observable and thus forms the opinion regarding the method of conceptualising of the environment by the people. The behaviouralists believe that the learning of the mind happens as a gradual process through interaction with the environment. The environment provides regular stimulus these stimulations are processed the mind without being conscious resulting in learning (Pritchard, 2013). There are certain assumptions that are made by the behaviouralists theory. According to the behaviouralists theory the brain is passive it is assumed that there is no active role that is taken by the mind in the process of learning. The second assumption is that the mind of the learner is assumed to be a clean slate that is there is no previous information that is stored in the brain (Magee et al. 2007). It believes that recurrent enforcement of any incidence re sults in its occurrence similarly if there is recurrent punishment given for a particular incidence the chances are high that the repetition of the incidence stops. The Cognitivism can be considered as a more appropriate theory regarding the functioning of the learning activity of the human mind (French, 2010). The behaviourism has been the earlier concept which was replaced by the Cognitivism theory because the assumptions that are made in the behaviouralists theory that is considering the mind as a clean slate cannot be justified as there are information that are stored in the mind which cannot be absolutely nullified as a factor that contributes in the assimilation of new information. Section-2: Brand Performance 2. Identification of Pattern with respect to brand performance measure The company Mars Inc is manufacturing the three different kind of chocolate bars, namely Mars Bar, Snickers and Twix. Mars Bar: The chocolate bar brand Mars Bar is having the maximum market share of 37% along with highest market penetration rate of 75% among all the other chocolate bar brands. The parameters like purchase frequency (2.2), share of sole loyal customers (22) and category requirements (43) for this brand are also highest for this brand in comparison to that of other chocolate bar brands. However the category buying rate (5.2) for this brand is lowest with respect to the other brands. Kit Kat: The market share and the market penetration rate of kit-kat chocolate brands are 27 and 55 respectively. The purchase frequency, category buying rate and the sole loyal customers for this brand are 2.2, 5.4 7 respectively. Thus from the picture of the table-1 the pattern of brand performance that can be identified is that a brand that is having large market share is also having a strong market penetration capacity along with a good purchase frequency rate and substantial number of sole loyal customers. Besides, the table also describes that if the brand is having large market share then the brand also poses a good share of category requirements. In other words the parameter Market Share is positively related with the parameters Penetration, Average Purchase Frequency, Share of Category Requirements, Sole Loyalty and is negatively related with Category Buying Rate. Higher market share for a brand indicates that the market penetration power of that brand is quite high and a sufficiently good number of customers are loyal to that brand. The average purchase frequency with respect to the brand is also quiet high. However the buying rate [average amount of product bought by the buyer household for a given time period] for that category of chocolate brand is quiet low as the buyers frequently bought the product, therefore they are not buying a huge amount during each time of purchase as the buyers do not want to store that perishable food product. Again if the market shares of a chocolate brand Nestle Gold (4) is very low. Then it indicates low market penetration (8) power for that brand and there is no loyal customer for that brand and the buyers are mainly purchasing the product on the basis of ad hock decision. However the category buying rate for the product is 9.5 which is the highest value with respect to that of other brands. The brand Snickers is having a moderate market share of 20% with a market penetration rate of 45% and the brand is only having 3% loyal customers. Thus it can be seen that as the brand has failed to sufficiently penetrate the market, very little number of customers have got the chance to know the brand and to be loyal to the brand. 3. Judging the idea for encouraging all the existing buyers to buy snickers: If the number of sole buyers with respect to the brand Snickers has to be increased then the market share of that brand has to be increased. The increased market share with respect to the brand Snickers will provide greater penetration power to that brand. Therefore a marketing strategy has to be developed so that the buyers who are addicted to the other brands can be diverted towards the brand Snickers. So if large numbers of buyers are getting attracted towards that brand through the application of the new marketing strategy, then definitely the market share of that brand as well as market penetration power of that brand will increase. The increased penetration power will help the brand to reach in the hands of larger number of customers and it is expected that this intern will pull up the number of sole buyers (from a mere 3%) for the brand Snickers. That is why in my opinion this strategy is a good strategy to take for establishing the brand Snickers in to the market. Section -3: Mental Availability 4. A discussion on appropriate marketing strategy for building mental availability Mental availability is the chances that a certain buyer is going to recall a particular brand in a buying situation. It is important for brand success to have mental availability of the brand. The chief competition among the brands is to create that mental availability in the mind of its customers. The mental availability can be achieved if the product is etched in the memory of the consumer (Sharp et al. 2010). To remain in the memory of the buyers it is important to create links with the memory of the consumers. The various factors that are capable of creating brand mental availability can be categorised in these five factors: The product should be distinctive in nature: the product should be distinct because similar products often do not give any special stimulus that can help create a distinct memory. Thus it is important to have a certain difference with the other products in the category (Wright, 2006). Noticeable: the product should be noticeable in the eyes of the customer. It is important that the products are noticeable in the eyes of its customers. Reach to the potential buyer: to create mental availability it is important that the products are available to its potential buyers at all times. This helps in creating an impression in the mind as a result it has a higher possibility of mental availability (Robinson, 2010). Continuous refreshment of memory: it is important for the brands to continuously refresh the memories of the customers this can be done through advertisement. Advertisement works as a continuous refreshment of the memories of the consumers (Mitchell, 2007). Consistency: it is important that each of the companies to be consistent. The company should continuously provide advertisements various other method of reminding the target customers regarding the product thus making the process of reminding the customers and consistent approach (Sharp, 2010). Category entry points to be included in the advertisement for Snickers Category entry points are conditions when the consumers plan to buy the products. There are 5 Ws with which the category entry point is associated with. These include why the products should be bought? When is the right time to buy the product? Where this product should be consumed? With whom does this product suit? With what other product this product should be consumed with? These associations can be used as an advertisement technique to promote the product. It has been observed that such association often increase the sale of these products. Hereby there are 10 entry points mentioned where snicker can be introduced: Snickers can be consumed as an energising breakfast Snicker can be consumed during gym time or sports for getting instant energy The product should be taken in the morning time as it is a good breakfast The product should be taken in the evening during exercise It is required in the bed side It is required in the sports field Hanging out with friends When nobody is there to take care of the needs snicker supplies for the nutrition With milk When there is nothing else and hunger pinches Section-4: Demographics and Segmentation 5. Segmentation of the target customers through demographic analysis As per the Table-4 of the demographics it can be seen that on an average 60% of the female buyers are interested for the chocolate bars and only 40% of the male buyers are interested in chocolate bars. This indicates that the female buyers should be targeted for selling the products rather than the male buyers so far as buyers segmentation has to be done on the basis of gender. The table-5 describes that among the four age groups of (16-25) years, (26-35) years, (36-45) years, (56-65) years, the age group (26-35) years contains the maximum number of buyers with respect to all kind of the chocolate bars under consideration. The table also demonstrates that this age-group mostly prefers the brand MARS BAR followed by KITKAT SNICKERS. Thus the analysis highlights the fact that company Mars Inc should look for their target customers within the age group of (26-35) years The table-6 defines that the households who are earning more than $70,000 are having the biggest purchase share with respect to the entire different kind of chocolate brands. In addition, the table describes that these households who are earning more than $70,000 hold 40% of the purchasing share with respect to the brand Snickers, 43% share with respect to the brand KIT-KAT, and 31% share with respect to the brand Mars BAR. Thus it can be seen that Snickers, is the most proffered brand for the buyers group earning more than $70,000. From the above analysis it can be said that to establish the brand Snickers, in to the market the company Mars Inc should target the female customers who are within the age group of (26-35) years and are earning more than $70,000 should be considered. Conclusion recommendation on the basis of demographic analysis On the basis of the above discussion it can be said that in order to establish the chocolate brand Snickers in to the market, the marketing strategies will be developed with a focus towards the target group of customers [females within the age group of 26-35 years and are earning more than $70,000] Detailed research will be held to identify the factors that are mainly responsible for attracting the target group towards a chocolate brand Research should also be done regarding the staple products that can be offered as a package with the chocolate bar brand to make them more attractive. Reference: French, J. ed., 2010.Social marketing and public health: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press. Jonassen, D. and Land, S. eds., 2012.Theoretical foundations of learning environments. Routledge. Magee, J.F., Copacino, W.C. and Rosenfield, D.B., 2007.Modern logistics management: Integrating marketing, manufacturing and physical distribution(Vol. 22). John Wiley Sons. Mitchell, V.W., 2007. Understanding consumers behaviour: can perceived risk theory help?. Management Decision,30(3). Pritchard, A., 2013.Ways of learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom. Routledge. Robinson, W.T., 2010. Marketing mix reactions to entry.Marketing Science,7(4), pp.368-385. Sharp, B., 2010. How brands grow.South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar. Sharp, B., Dawes, J.G., Romaniuk, J.T. and Scriven, J., 2010. How brands grow: What marketers don't know. Wenger, E., 2009. A social theory of learning.Contemporary theories of learning: learning theoristsin their own words. Routledge, New York, NY, pp.209-218. Wright, R., 2006.Consumer behaviour. Cengage learning EMEA.

Architecture Research Paper Kansai International Airport free essay sample

The Kansai International Airport designed by architect Renzo Piano is a very fascinating and unique building. It construction combines a man-made island, a high-tech new age looking structure and creative architectural design to create one of the biggest and most expensive airports in the world as seen to right in (Figure-1a). Human use of Kansai Airport is best expressed by the lecture topics discussed in class that include: Designation and Organization of Use, Architectural Determinism, Humanism at a Personal Scale, and Humanism at the Scale of Neighborhoods / Communities/Bureaucracies and Meaning in Architecture. In the Professor Speck’s class lecture over Designation and Organization of Use, there are many themes that I feel parallel with the design of Kansai International Airport. In lecture Professor Speck said that the overall environment a building is in encourages both the behavioral aspects and the physical environment, which in turn alters the shape behavior of the building. This statement correlates perfectly to Kansai Airport, because first of all the building is built of the coast of Osaka, Japan on a made-island. So before the building is built there is already a sense of behavioral and physical difference that sets it apart from other buildings. According to the lecture space is designated for three reasons. The first reason being the practicality of the designated space, then the injection of certain cultural values and taboos and finally the intrinsic human need to claim pace- intervals and community. Also, he said that when architects are planning the zoning for building they consider time, efficiency and machines. Kansai Airport was built because of a need for a big international airport; however, Piano had to find an alternate location due to the crowdedness of the Osaka Bay area. Thus, he used the theme of designation and organization use to come to the conclusion of a manmade island. Piano decision for the island can be compared to early American houses expressed in the book The Place Houses. In the book the authors describe how the early houses in New England, Virginia and Deep South differed in design to help adapt to there environment. However, after Piano solved the problem of where the airport would be built he still had to decide how long to make the island so it could house the massive structure. The final decision was for the island to be four kilometers long and one kilometer wide. The Phaidon Press describes this well in the book On Tour with Renzo Piano when they write, â€Å"Projects such as Kansai International Airport are so large in scale that they are almost impossible to grasp. †(p. 7). The size of the island is seen from an aerial view above in (Figure 2-a). Architectural Determinism, as mentioned by Professor Speck, played an important role in the design and construction of the Kansai Airport. The interior of the building is very easy to navigate around. Transparent glass helps calm people down and at the same time speed up the process of arrival and departure. The long and narrow design allows for a nearly infinite field of vision, creating a stress free and carefree environment. This is described well in the book Renzo Piano when Emilo Pizzi writes, â€Å"The desire to maximize transparency between the various areas allocated to embarkation and arrival procedures mans that precedence is given at every point to the passengers need to find their way, as well as enabling them to see the planes parked in front of the building through windows. † (p. 228). Rather than some buildings where people can feel like a needle in hay stack and get lost easily, Kansai International is very easy to navigate through even with its massive size. The transparency of the interior that results in easy and efficiency of movement from one place to another is apparent in (Figure 3-a) right and above. The next issue presented in lecture related to the Kansai Airport is Humanism at a Personal Scale. The assortment of different kinds of plant life inside the terminal give let the airport connect with the people walking through it. The plants help to offset the cold, unwelcoming feeling that is given off by the vast amount of steel, high ceiling and open spaces. Also helping to offset this unwelcoming feeling is the beautiful view of the Osaka Bay. The large glass windows combined with sun reflecting off the water allows a lot of natural light into the terminal. As expressed in the book The Place of Houses natural light helps give a warm vivid feeling to room that will stay in our minds long after we walk out of that room. Another small but import feature of Kansai Airport is the small signs that give directions. While all airports have these signs, they are especially important particularly in this massive terminal. Convenience of restaurants and stores also helps the airport to connect to the people walking through it on a more personal scale. This range of activities helps everyone that is arriving or departing feel a little bigger in such a enormous place. All of the small tributaries from the restaurants, stores, etc. lead to a â€Å"canyon† area that is the focal point of the terminal. Again this is to try and make arrival and departure run more smoothly. This is explained well in the book Renzo Piano when Emilo Piano writes, â€Å"Inside, the different levels convene into the â€Å"canyon,† a tall atrium occupying the fall of the height of the building, which acts as a sorting point for those arriving or disembarking off the planes. † (p. 28). The importance of focus is also cited in the book The Place of Houses, which says that the â€Å"focus† of a room is one of the most important and critical characteristics, because they (foci) are meant help to organize the room around the center of interest. In this case is canyon is both the center of interest and the â€Å"gateway† to the re st of the terminal. In (Figure 4-a) right and above one can clearly see how the â€Å"canyon† along with the massive signs help to make Kansai International Airport more manageable and how it helps to cater to people on a more humanistic and personal scale. Humanism at the Scale of Neighborhoods/Communities/Bureaucracies is the next issue I will discuss and its connection with the Kansai International Airport. I think that buzzing, busy atmosphere makes the people in the terminal feel warm and jovial. While it could be argued that to many persons walking scurrying through the airport at the same time could be disturbing and annoying, I think that like the plants, stores and restaurant the sea of people helps to fill the gigantic inside space of the terminal. However, if Kansai were compared to a city I would definitely compare it to one of the larger metropolises in the US, simply because of number of people and the crowded feeling it gives off. I think that the feel in the terminal would be like an exaggerated effect of what west campus is like during the afternoon of a school day. Both require a lot of walking and there is almost no opportunity to drive an automobile through either. Although I do not believe that Kansai Airport is necessarily a bad environment, it is certainly not a nurturing one. In lecture Professor Speck pointed out that there are eight principles of nurturing communities. They are as follows, convenience, wide range of articles, wide range of activities, sense of human presence, personal human scale, variety of visual experiences, freedom from intrusion of disturbance and natural relief. In my opinion Kansai Airport satisfies all of them except for intrusion of distraction, which is definitely does not satisfy because of the mass amounts of people. Emilo Pizzi explains this well in Renzo Piano when we he writes, â€Å"The place seems to evoke the turmoil of Japanese cities, but also the spirit of a millenary civilization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 228). Although Kansai is not terrible as far as its Humanism at the Scale of Neighborhood/Communities/Bureaucracies is concerned it is definitely not as personable as the examples given in lecture, such as Kresege College in California, Byker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne in England, Tapiola New Town, Finland or the Crown Fountain, Millennium Park, Chicago. The final issue that Professor Speck discussed about in lecture was the Meaning of Architecture. The issue begins with the visual culture progression in the past fifty years leading to both greater reading comprehension and greater visual comprehension; architecture had to progress as well. Thus, architects started to use certain ways to â€Å"communicate† these ways of communication include Literal Direct Communication (LDC), Literal Indirect Communication (LIC) and Abstract. An example of LDC is a billboard of a cow with the caption â€Å"eat more,† so physically the meat is depicted. An example of LIC would be a picture of Bevo with the caption â€Å"We’re Texas. † Finally Abstract is defined as depicting certain feeling, colors, shapes, etc. I believe that Kansai International Airport is a combination of LDC and Abstract, because it looks like an airport with runways, planes, etc. but also is made of very unique shapes that set it apart from any other building. The uniqueness of Kansai that make it abstract are demonstrated well in Renzo Piano when Emilo Pizzi writes, â€Å"From the air, the building looks like a shining flag that cheerfully greets the traveler from the vast artificial island. The image stays in the mind when, having landed, the plane comes to a halt in front of the large metallic facade of the building. † (p. 224). A visual Kansai is flag-like structure and its Abstract communication is clearly depicted in (Figure 5-a) below. In conclusion, Professor Speck discussed many issues in lecture that distinguished the human and personal use of buildings all over the globe. The issues consisted of : Designation and Organization of Use, Architectural Determinism, Humanism at Personal Scale, Humanism at the Scale of Neighborhoods/ Communities/Bureaucracies and Meaning in Architecture. These issues/topics are especially vital in expressing the personal and human architectural use of Kansai International Airport. Theses issue give a small sample of truly how creative and unique Kansai Airport’s Architect Renzo Piano is and how impressive and world renounced Kansai International is by both world-class architects and just the every day observer alike. This airport with its manmade island and unique high-tech look will always be remembered and will mostly definitely used as a model for airports and other buildings in the future.